6 Minute English는 BBC Learning English 사이트에서 매주 출간하는 무료 영어 교육 콘텐츠이며 오디오 파일과 대본(Script) 파일을 제공합니다. 
The 2020 presidential elections in the US, in which President Donald Trump faces the Democrat candidate Joe Biden, are causing a lot of controversy. In the US many votes are cast digitally and there are plans to enlist the help of hackers to reduce the risk of cyber-attacks on election day. Rob and Sam discuss the initiative and teach you vocabulary along the way.
도널드 트럼프 대통령이 민주당 후보 조 바이든과 대면하는 2020 년 미국 대통령 선거는 많은 논란을 일으키고 있습니다. 미국에서는 많은 투표가 디지털 방식으로 이루어지며 선거일에 사이버 공격의 위험을 줄이기 위해 해커의 도움을 받을 계획입니다. Rob과 Sam은 이 게획에 대해 논의하고 그 과정에서 어휘를 가르칩니다.
새내기할배 블로그가 제안하는 영어단어 암기법은 기본적으로 문장을 통해 암기하는 것입니다. 그래서 설명하는 모든 단어마다 본문도 함께 제시됩니다. 그러나 새로 나온다고 해서 모든 단어를 무한정 암기할 수는 없습니다. 그래서 암기해야 해야 할 단어와 이해만 하고 넘어갈 단어를 구분하는 지혜가 필요합니다.
[BBC Leaning English] 6 Minute English - Hacking help for US elections에 수록된 영어단어 수는
- 고유명사를 제외하고 총 347개 입니다.
- 이중 OxFord 3000단어와 일치하는 영어단어는 339개로 98%가 해당됩니다.
- 미국의 WordFrequency 사이트에서 조사한 Top 5,000내 포함하는 영어단어는 321개로 93%가 해당됩니다.
- Naver 사전에서 [★★/매우 중요]로 분류된 영어단어는 332개로 96%가 해당됩니다.
- 세개의 기준에 모두 일치하는 영어단어는 모두 313개로 90%의 싱크로율을 보입니다.
이들 기준에 해당되는 영어단어 중 암기해야 할 단어의 수준을 각자 정하고 그 수준의 영어단어가 나오면 문장과 함께 암기하는 습관을 들이면 영어단어공부에 큰 성과를 거둘 수 있을 것입니다
본 글은 Word Frequency 기준 2000순위 이하를 제외한 단어만을 수록하고 있습니다.
본 자료는 PDF 파일로 다운 받을 수 있습니다.
이 블로그에는 [BBC 6분 영어와 관련하여 매주 다음과 같은 글들이 게시 됩니다
- 단어공부(금주 대본에 나온 주요 어휘) 이 글입니다
- 멀티단어공부(금주 대본에 사용된 멀티단어(구동사, 숙어) 간단 정리) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 독해공부(금주 대본의 문장별 해석(직역) 자료) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 문장별 문법공부(문장별 문법 설명) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 금주의 어휘(금주 대본에 나온 금주의 어휘를 집중적으로 정리한 자료) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 항목별 문법공부(금주 대본에 나온 문법을 주제별/항목별로 정리한 자료) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 금주의 구동사(금주 대본에 사용된 구동사 상세 정리) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
administrator [명사] [Oxford5000] [Rank; 2505] [★★] [레마] administer
[본문] Now, the project Sam mentioned, where official administrators team up with expert volunteers to keep the election secure, is called The Election Cyber Surge.
[영영] An administrator is a person whose job involves helping to organize and supervise the way that an organization or institution functions.
[영한] ⒨ 관리자, 행정인
[첫뜻] one who has been given authority to manage
[활용] 복수형; administrators
[파생] administratorship, administrator
[어근] ⑴ ad; to ⑵ minister; 관리, serve ⑶ or; 명사 어미
anti-virus [형용사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] virus
[본문] It covers everything from making sure administrators are using the latest anti-virus software to more serious threats from troublemakers.
[영한] ⒨ (컴퓨터) 바이러스 퇴치용인
<명사> 항바이러스, [컴퓨터] 바이러스 대항 프로그램
[구성단어] anti + virus
burden [명사] [Oxford5000] [Rank; 2688] [★★] [레마] burden
[본문] And it puts burdens on voters and it impacts public confidence; and high-profile elections, especially like the one coming up, heighten the types of risks that we're talking about.
[영영] If you describe a problem or a responsibility as a burden, you mean that it causes someone a lot of difficulty, worry, or hard work.
[첫뜻] ① a load, that which is borne or carried ② leading idea, main topic
[활용] 복수형; burdens
[유의어] weight(부담), load
<동사>
[어원] byrðen(Old English), a load, weight, charge, duty
cast [형용사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 2052] [★★] [레마] cast
[본문] In America, where many votes are cast digitally, there is a risk of cyber-attacks on election day and with so much depending on the result, US election officials are worried.
[영한] ⒨ ① (동물이) (자력으로 일어날 수 없는 상태에서) 누워 있는, (편자가) 벗겨진 ② (연극/영화 등이) 배역이 결정된 ③ 성형된
<명사> ① (어떤 연극이나 영화의) 출연자들[배역진] ② 주물 ③ 거푸집, 주형 유의어 mould <동사> ① (시선미소 등을) 던지다[보내다] ② (빛을) 발하다, (그림자를) 드리우다 ③ (~에 대해) 의심을 불러일으키다
[어원] kasta(Old Norse), to throw
coming [형용사] [Rank; 4772] [★★] [레마] come
[본문] It's up to each of the eight thousand local jurisdictions around the United States to keep their area free from cyber-attacks and misinformation - risks which have increased because the coming election is so high-profile - attracting a lot of attention and interest from newspapers and the public.
[영영] A coming event or time is an event or time that will happen soon.
[영한] ⒨ 다가오는, 다음의
<명사> (새로운 것의) 시작, 도래
[구성단어] come + ing
contest [명사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 3087] [★★] [레마] contest
[본문] But few elections have been as controversial as this November's contest between current President Trump and his Democratic rival, Joe Biden.
[영영] A contest is a competition or game in which people try to win. → see also beauty contest
[영한] ⒨ ① 대회, 시합 참조 beauty contest ② (주도권이나 권력) 다툼[경쟁]
[활용] 복수형; contests
[파생] contestability, contestable, contestableness, contestably, contestation, contester, contestingly, contest
<동사> ① (어떤 것을 차지하기 위해) 경쟁을 벌이다[다투다] ② (결정이나 진술에) 이의를 제기하다
[어근] ⑴ con(com); 함께, with, together ⑵ test; 증거, witness
controversial [형용사] [Oxford5000] [Rank; 3115] [★★] [레마] controversy
[본문] But few elections have been as controversial as this November's contest between current President Trump and his Democratic rival, Joe Biden.
[영영] If you describe something or someone as controversial, you mean that they are the subject of intense public argument, disagreement, or disapproval.
[영한] ⒨ 논란이 많은 반의어 non-controversial, uncontroversial
[파생] controversial, controversialism, controversialist, controversially, controvert, controversy
[반의어] non-controversial(논란이 많다), uncontroversial(논란이 많다)
[어근] ⑴ contra; 뒤, against ⑵ versi(verse); 돌다, turn ⑶ al(ad); 형용사 어미
cyber [형용사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] cyber
[본문] Now, the project Sam mentioned, where official administrators team up with expert volunteers to keep the election secure, is called The Election cyber Surge.
[영영] of, relating to, or involving computers or computer networks (such as the Internet)
[영한] ⒨ 컴퓨터와 관계 있는, 컴퓨터(네트워크)의, 사이버의, 인터넷의
[어근] cyber; 사이버의, cyber
cyber-attack [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] attack
[본문] In America, where many votes are cast digitally, there is a risk of cyber-attacks on election day and with so much depending on the result, US election officials are worried.
[영영] an attempt to gain illegal access to a computer or computer system for the purpose of causing damage or harm
[영한] ⒨ (군사) 사이버공격
[활용] 복수형; cyber-attacks
[구성단어] cyber + attack
dialogue [명사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 2818] [★★] [레마] dialogue
[본문] The expectation is not that the volunteer will have the keys to the castle by any means, more that they will have an open dialogue with an election administrator who wants to know more to explore cybersecurity enhancements in general or specifically.
[영영] Dialogue is communication or discussion between people or groups of people such as governments or political parties.
[영한] ⒨ ① (책/연극/영화에 나오는) 대화 ② (대립 관계에 있는 집단/국가 사이의) 대화 참조 monologue
[첫뜻] literary work consisting of a conversation between two or more persons,
[활용] 복수형; dialogues
[파생] dialogic, dialoguer, dialogue
[어근] ⑴ dia; 통하여, through ⑵ logue(log); 말,학문
digital [형용사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 2377] [★★] [레마] digit
[본문] BBC World Service programme digital Planet met up with project organiser Maya Worman to discuss the importance of keeping the election free from interference.
[영영] Digital systems record or transmit information in the form of thousands of very small signals.
[영한] ⒨ ① (통신 등이) 디지털(방식)을 쓰는 ② (시계 등이) 디지털(방식)의 참조 analogue ③ 손가락의. ④ 손가락 모양의. ⒪ 손가락의.
[첫뜻] pertaining to numbers below ten; pertaining to fingers
[파생] digit, digitally, digital
<명사> ① 디지털 텔레비전 ② (드물게) 손가락 ③ (악기 건반의) 건(鍵).
[어근] ⑴ digit; 손가락, finger ⑵ al; …한 (성질의), …함(과정, 상태)
digitally [부사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] digit
[본문] In America, where many votes are cast digitally, there is a risk of cyber-attacks on election day and with so much depending on the result, US election officials are worried.
[영영]
[영한] ⒨ 숫자로, 디지털 방식으로
[파생] digit, digitally, digital
[어근] ⑴ digit; 손가락, finger ⑵ al; 형용사 어미 ⑶ ly; 부사 어미
dispute [명사] [Oxford5000] [Rank; 2726] [★★] [레마] dispute
[본문] In 2000 the presidential race between Al Gore and George W. Bush ended in recounts and disputes over missing votes.
[영영] A dispute is an argument or disagreement between people or groups.
[영한] ⒨ 분쟁, 분규, 논란, 논쟁
[활용] 복수형; disputes
[파생] disputation, disputatious, disputative, disputer, dispute
<동사> ① 반박하다, 이의를 제기하다 ② (특히 소유권을 두고) 분쟁[논란]을 벌이다 ③ (무엇을 차지하기 위해) 다투다
[어근] ⑴ dis; apart ⑵ pute; 생각
eligible [형용사] [Oxford5000] [Rank; 4662] [★★] [레마] eligible
[본문] Any attempt to manipulate or interfere with election infrastructures - the machines or the information sets that determine who is eligible to vote and where - undermines the right to vote.
[영영] Someone who is eligible to do something is qualified or able to do it, for example because they are old enough.
[영한] ⒨ ① (자격/연령 등의 조건이 맞아서) …을 가질[할] 수 있는 반의어 ineligible ② 신랑[신부]감으로 좋은
[첫뜻] fit or proper to be chosen
[파생] eligibility, eligibleness, eligibly, eligible
[반의어] ineligible(가질 수 있다)
<명사> 적임자, 적격자, 유자격자
[어근] ⑴ e(ex); 밖으로, out ⑵ lig(lect); 모으다, 읽다 ⑶ ible(able); 형용사 어미
enhancement [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] enhance
[본문] The expectation is not that the volunteer will have the keys to the castle by any means, more that they will have an open dialogue with an election administrator who wants to know more to explore cybersecurity enhancements in general or specifically.
[영영] The enhancement of something is the improvement of it in relation to its value, quality, or attractiveness.
[영한] ⒨ (가격/매력/가치 등의) 상승, 등귀, 향상, 증대
[첫뜻] increase in degree or extent, augmentation, act or state of being enhanced
[활용] 복수형; enhancements
[파생] enhancement, enhancer, enhancive, enhance
[구성단어] enhance + ment
hacker [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] hack
[본문] In this programme we'll be hearing about plans to prevent election cyber-attacks which involve election officials working with a very unusual group of people: volunteer hackers.
[영영] A computer hacker is someone who tries to break into computer systems, especially in order to get secret information.
[영한] ⒨ (컴퓨터) 해커
[첫뜻] a chopper, cutter
[활용] 복수형; hackers
[어근] ⑴ hack; hack ⑵ er; 접미어
heighten [동사] [Oxford5000] [Rank; 5001+] [★] [레마] high
[본문] And it puts burdens on voters and it impacts public confidence; and high-profile elections, especially like the one coming up, heighten the types of risks that we're talking about.
[영영] If something heightens a feeling or if the feeling heightens, the feeling increases in degree or intensity.
[영한] ⒨ 고조되다[고조시키다] 유의어 intensify
[첫뜻] to exalt, to honor or raise to high position,
[활용] heightened heightened heightening heightens
[파생] height, heighten, heightened, heightener, high, heightism
[유의어] intensify
[어근] ⑴ height(high); 높은, high ⑵ en; 만들다
high-profile [형용사] [Oxford5000] [Rank; 5001+] [★★] [레마] profile
[본문] And it puts burdens on voters and it impacts public confidence; and high-profile elections, especially like the one coming up, heighten the types of risks that we're talking about.
[영영] A high-profile person or a high-profile event attracts a lot of attention or publicity. the high-profile reception being given to Mr Arafat.
[영한] ⒨ 세간의 이목을 끄는 참조 profile
[구성단어] high + profile
hopefully [부사] [Oxford5000] [Rank; 4051] [★★] [레마] hope
[본문] All of which means that the 2020 election result will, hopefully, be accepted by everyone.
[영영] You say hopefully when mentioning something that you hope will happen. Some careful speakers of English think that this use of hopefully is not correct, but it is very frequently used.
[영한] ⒨ ① 바라건대 ② 희망[기대]을 갖고
[파생] hopeful, hopefully, hopefulness, hope
[어근] ⑴ hope; 희망 ⑵ ful; ~ 가득한(量) ⑶ ly; 부사어미
idiom [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [★] [레마] idiom
[본문] They won't be given access to sensitive information so they won't have the keys to the castle - an idiom meaning to possess information or knowledge which gives the possessor access to power.
[영영] A particular idiom is a particular style of something such as music, dance, or architecture.
[영한] ⒨ ① 관용구, 숙어 ② (특정 시기/지역에서 특정인들이 쓰는) 언어[어법] ③ (특정 개인/단체/시대/지역의) 표현 양식
[첫뜻] form of speech peculiar to a people or place
[활용] 복수형; idioms
[파생] idiomatic, idiomatical, idiomatically, idiomaticalness, idiom
[어원] idios(Greek), personal, private
illegal [형용사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 2087] [★★] [레마] illegal
[본문] … and hackers are people who break into computer systems without permission in order to find information or do something illegal.
[영영] If something is illegal, the law says that it is not allowed.
[영한] ⒨ 불법적인
[반의어] legal(불법적이다), legal(합법적이다)
<명사> (외국인) 불법 체류자[노동자]
[어근] ⑴ il(in); not ⑵ leg(legis); 법률 ⑶ al; …한 (성질의), 형용사어미
impartial [형용사] [Rank; 5001+] [★] [레마] impart
[본문] And of course the volunteers themselves are carefully chosen to be impartial experts who give advice without holding the keys to the castle - an idiom about possessing information which gives access to power.
[영영] Someone who is impartial is not directly involved in a particular situation, and is therefore able to give a fair opinion or decision about it.
[영한] ⒨ 공정한 유의어 neutral, unbiased 반의어 partial
[첫뜻] not partial, not favoring one over another
[파생] impartiality, impartially, impartialness, impartial
[유의어] neutral, unbiased, neutral(중립적이다)
[반의어] partial
[어근] parti(part); 나누다
infrastructure [명사] [Oxford5000] [Rank; 3645] [★★] [레마] structure
[본문] Any attempt to manipulate or interfere with election infrastructures - the machines or the information sets that determine who is eligible to vote and where - undermines the right to vote.
[영영] The infrastructure of a country, society, or organization consists of the basic facilities such as transport, communications, power supplies, and buildings, which enable it to function.
[영한] ⒨ 사회[공공] 기반 시설
[활용] 복수형; infrastructures
[파생] infrastructure, infrastructural
[어근] ⑴ infra; 내부의 ⑵ struct; build ⑶ ure; 명사어미
interfere [동사] [Oxford5000] [Rank; 4473] [★★] [레마] interfere
[본문] Any attempt to manipulate or interfere with election infrastructures - the machines or the information sets that determine who is eligible to vote and where - undermines the right to vote.
[영영] If you say that someone interferes in a situation, you mean they get involved in it although it does not concern them and their involvement is not wanted.
[영한] ⒨ 간섭[개입/참견]하다
[첫뜻] to strike against
[활용] interfered, interfered, interfering, interferes
[파생] interfere, interferential, interfering, interferingly, interference
[어근] ⑴ inter; 사이에 ⑵ fere(fora); bore, drill
interference [명사] [Oxford5000] [Rank; 5001+] [★] [레마] interfere
[본문] BBC World Service programme Digital Planet met up with project organiser Maya Worman to discuss the importance of keeping the election free from interference.
[영영] Interference by a person or group is their unwanted or unnecessary involvement in something.
[영한] ⒨ ① 간섭, 참견, 개입, 방해 ② 전파 방해, 혼선
[첫뜻] intermeddling
[활용] 복수형; interferences
[파생] interfere, interferential, interfering, interferingly, interference
[어근] ⑴ inter; 사이에 ⑵ fer(fora); bore, drill ⑶ ence(ance); 일시, 조화
jurisdiction [명사] [Oxford5000] [Rank; 4700] [★] [레마] jurisdiction
[본문] It's up to each of the eight thousand local jurisdictions around the United States to keep their area free from cyber-attacks and misinformation - risks which have increased because the coming election is so high-profile - attracting a lot of attention and interest from newspapers and the public.
[영영] Jurisdiction is the power that a court of law or an official has to carry out legal judgments or to enforce laws.
[영한] ⒨ ① 관할권, 사법권 ② 관할 구역
[첫뜻] administration of justice,
[활용] 복수형; jurisdictions
[파생] jurisdictional, jurisdictionally, jurisdictive, jurisdiction
[어근] ⑴ Juris(Jud); right, law ⑵ dict(dic); speak, declare ⑶ ion(ation); 명사 어미
manipulate [동사] [Oxford5000] [Rank; 4291] [★★] [레마] manipulate
[본문] Any attempt to manipulate or interfere with election infrastructures - the machines or the information sets that determine who is eligible to vote and where - undermines the right to vote.
[영영] If you say that someone manipulates people, you disapprove of them because they skilfully force or persuade people to do what they want.
[영한] ⒨ ① (흔히 교묘하고 부정직하게 사람/사물을) 조종하다 ② (사물을 능숙하게) 다루다[조작(操作)하다/처리하다] ③ (어긋난) 뼈[관절]를 제자리에 넣다
[첫뜻] to handle skillfully by hand
[활용] manipulated manipulated manipulating manipulates
[파생] manipulability, manipulable, manipulatable, manipulation, manipulative, manipulatively 유의어/반의어 [동사] influence, c, manipulator, manipulatory, manipulate
[어근] ⑴ mani(manu); 손, hand ⑵ pul(plet); fill ⑶ ate; 동사 어미
misinformation [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] inform
[본문] It's up to each of the eight thousand local jurisdictions around the United States to keep their area free from cyber-attacks and misinformation - risks which have increased because the coming election is so high-profile - attracting a lot of attention and interest from newspapers and the public.
[영영] Misinformation is wrong information which is given to someone, often in a deliberate attempt to make them believe something which is not true.
[영한] ⒨ 오보
[어근] ⑴ mis; 잘못 ⑵ in; into ⑶ form; 형태 ⑷ ation; 명사 어미
opponent [명사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 2200] [★★] [레마] oppose
[본문] George Bush became the first modern president to win the election despite gaining fewer popular votes than his opponent - but how many fewer?
[영영] A politician's opponents are other politicians who belong to a different party or who have different aims or policies.
[영한] ⒨ ① (게임/대회/논쟁 등의) 상대 유의어 adversary ② (…에 대한) 반대자
[첫뜻] one who opposes, an adversary, an antagonist,
[활용] 복수형; opponents
[파생] opponency, oppose, opposer, opposing, opposingly, opposite, opposition, oppositive, opponent
[유의어] adversary
[어근] ⑴ op(ob); 반대, toward ⑵ pon; 두다, 놓다 ⑶ ent(ant); 명사 어미
organiser [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [★] [BRIT][AM→organizer] [레마] organ
[본문] BBC World Service programme Digital Planet met up with project organiser Maya Worman to discuss the importance of keeping the election free from interference.
[어근] ⑴ organ; 시행하다, 도구 기구 ⑵ is(ise); 동사 어미 ⑶ er; 명사 어미
organizer [명사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 5001+] [★] [AM][BRIT→organiser] [레마] organ
[본문] BBC World Service programme Digital Planet met up with project organiser Maya Worman to discuss the importance of keeping the election free from interference.
[영영] The organizer of an event or activity is the person who makes sure that the necessary arrangements are made.
[영한] ⒨ ① 조직자. ② (신설회사 등의) 창립 위원. ③ (행사/흥행 따위의) 주최자 , 흥행주(主). ④ (생물) 편성원(編成原), 오거나이저. ⑤ 오르그(다른 노동자에 대한 조합 가입 권유의 임무를 띤 노동조합원).
[어근] ⑴ organ; 시행하다, 도구 기구 ⑵ iz(ize); 동사 어미 ⑶ er; 명사 어미
possessor [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [★] [레마] possess
[본문] They won't be given access to sensitive information so they won't have the keys to the castle - an idiom meaning to possess information or knowledge which gives the possessor access to power.
[영영] The possessor of something is the person who has it.
[영한] ⒨ (격식 또는 유머) 소유자, 주인 유의어 owner
[파생] possess, possession, possessive, possessor
[유의어] owner
[어근] ⑴ pos(pot); 강력 ⑵ sess(side); 앉다 ⑶ or; …하는 사람[것]
qualify [동사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 3075] [★★] [레마] quality
[본문] You can only vote in an election if you are eligible - qualified by having the necessary requirements, for example being a US citizen who's aged 18 or over.
[영영] When someone qualifies, they pass the examinations that they need to be able to work in a particular profession.
[영한] ⒨ ① (필요한 교육/시험 등을 거쳐) 자격[자격증]을 얻다[취득하다] ② (어떤 일을 하는 데 필요한 기술/지식 등의) 자격을 주다 ③ (…할) 자격[권리]이 있다, 자격[권리]을 주다 ④ (대회에) 출전할 자격이 있다, 예선을 통과하다 ⑤ (질적으로 …이 될[되기에]) 자격을 주다[적합하게 하다]
[첫뜻] to invest with a quality
[활용] qualified, qualified, qualifying, qualifies
[파생] qualifiable, qualification, qualificatory, qualify, qualitative, quality, qualityless
[어근] ⑴ quali(qual); 품질 ⑵ fy(fac); 만들다, make, 하다
recount [명사] [Oxford5000] [Rank; 5001+] [★] [레마] recount
[본문] In 2000 the presidential race between Al Gore and George W. Bush ended in recounts and disputes over missing votes.
[영영] A recount is a second count of votes in an election when the result is very close.
[영한] ⒨ (투표 따위의) 재계표(再計票)
[첫뜻] a new count
[활용] 복수형; recounts
<동사> ① (특히 자기가 경험한 것에 대해) 이야기하다[말하다] ② (특히 투표용지를) 다시 세다, 재검표하다
[어근] ⑴ re; 다시, again, 반대로 ⑵ count; 계산, count
rival [명사] [Oxford5000] [Rank; 4391] [★★] [레마] rival
[본문] But few elections have been as controversial as this November's contest between current President Trump and his Democratic rival, Joe Biden.
[영영] Your rival is a person, business, or organization who you are competing or fighting against in the same area or for the same things.
[영한] ⒨ 경쟁자, 경쟁 상대
[활용] 복수형; rivals
[파생] rivalless, rivalry, rivalship, rival
<동사> (…에) 필적하다[비할 만하다] 유의어 compare with 참조 unrivalled <형용사> 경쟁하는, 대항하는.
[어근] ⑴ riv; 해안, brook ⑵ al; 명사 어미
secure [형용사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 2511] [★★] [레마] secure
[본문] Now, the project Sam mentioned, where official administrators team up with expert volunteers to keep the election secure, is called The Election Cyber Surge.
[영영] A secure place is tightly locked or well protected, so that people cannot enter it or leave it.
[영한] ⒨ ① 안심하는 ② 안전한, 확실한(앞으로도 계속되거나 성공적일 것으로 여겨지는) ③ (해영향을 입지 않고) 안전한 ④ (사람들이 무단으로 드나들지 않게) 안전한[보안/문단속이 철저한] ⑤ 안정감 있는, 단단한, 튼튼한 ⒪ (폐어/드물게) 과신(過信)하는
[첫뜻] without care, dreading no evil
[활용] 비교; secure < securer < securest
[파생] securable, secure, securely, securement, secureness, securer, security
[유의어] stable, safe, firm
[반의어] insecure
<명사> (해사) 작업 중지 신호. <동사> ① (특히 힘들게) 얻어 내다, 획득[확보]하다 ② (단단히) 고정시키다[잡아매다] ③ 안전하게 지키다[보호하다], 단단히 보안 장치를 하다
[어근] ⑴ se; free from ⑵ cure(cur); care
secure [동사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 2511] [★★] [레마] secure
[본문] Bush won despite securing fewer votes than his opponent.
[영영] If you secure something that you want or need, you obtain it, often after a lot of effort.
[영한] ⒨ ① (특히 힘들게) 얻어 내다, 획득[확보]하다 ② (단단히) 고정시키다[잡아매다] ③ 안전하게 지키다[보호하다], 단단히 보안 장치를 하다 ④ 담보를 제공하다[잡히다]
[첫뜻] to make safe
[활용] secured, secured, securing, secures
[파생] securable, secure, securely, securement, secureness, securer, security
[유의어] stable, safe
[반의어] insecure
<명사> (해사) 작업 중지 신호. <형용사> ① 안심하는 ② 안전한, 확실한(앞으로도 계속되거나 성공적일 것으로 여겨지는) ③ (해영향을 입지 않고) 안전한
[어근] ⑴ se; free from ⑵ cure(cur); care
sensitive [형용사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 2529] [★★] [레마] sense
[본문] They won't be given access to sensitive information so they won't have the keys to the castle - an idiom meaning to possess information or knowledge which gives the possessor access to power.
[영영] If you are sensitive to other people's needs, problems, or feelings, you show understanding and awareness of them.
[영한] ⒨ ① (남의 기분을 헤아리는 데) 세심한 ② (예술적으로) 감성 있는 ③ (사람이) 예민한[민감한] (그래서 상처를 잘 받는) ④ (정보/주제 등이) 민감한[신중을 요하는] ⑤ (추위/빛/식품 등에) 민감한
[첫뜻] having the function of sensation
[파생] sense, sensible, sensitive, sensitively, sensitiveness, sensitivity, sensory, sensual
[반의어] insensitive
[어근] ⑴ sensit(sent); 느낌 ⑵ ive; 형용사 어미
suppose [동사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 2180] [★★] [레마] suppose
[본문] suppose I'm a troublemaker who wants to influence the election result - so I sign up as a volunteer and gain access to all kinds of information.
[영영] You can use suppose or supposing before mentioning a possible situation or action. You usually then go on to consider the effects that this situation or action might have.
[영한] ⒨ ① (이미 알고 있는 지식에 의거하여 …일 것이라고) 생각하다, 추정[추측]하다 ② (무엇이 사실이라고) 가정[상정]하다, 가령[만약] …이라고 하다 ③ …인 것 같다[듯하다](진술/요청/제안 등을 완곡하게 들리도록 하기 위해 씀)
[활용] supposed, supposed, supposing, supposes
[파생] supposable, supposal, supposer, supposition, suppose
[유의어] imagine
[어근] ⑴ sup(sub); 아래 ⑵ pose(pon); 두다, 놓다
surge [명사] [Oxford5000] [Rank; 5001+] [★★] [레마] surge
[본문] Now, the project Sam mentioned, where official administrators team up with expert volunteers to keep the election secure, is called The Election Cyber surge.
[영영] A surge is a sudden large increase in something that has previously been steady, or has only increased or developed slowly.
[영한] ⒨ ① (강한 감정이) 치밀어 오름[온몸을 휩쌈] 유의어 rush 참조 upsurge ② 급증, 급등 참조 upsurge ③ (갑자기) 밀려듦[솟아오름] ④ 서지(전류나 전압이 순간적으로 급격히 높아지는 것) ⒪ (갑자기) 밀려듦[솟아오름]
[활용] uncountable noun
[파생] surgeless, surger, surgy, surge
[유의어] rush
<동사> ① (재빨리) 밀려들다 ② (강한 감정이) 휩싸다[휘감다] 유의어 sweep ③ (물가수익 등이) 급등[급증]하다 참조 관련 명사는 upsurge
[어근] ⑴ su(sub); up from below ⑵ rge(rect); to keep straight, guide
troublemaker [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] trouble
[본문] It covers everything from making sure administrators are using the latest anti-virus software to more serious threats from troublemakers.
[영영] If you refer to someone as a troublemaker, you mean that they cause unpleasantness, quarrels, or fights, especially by encouraging people to oppose authority.
[영한] ⒨ 말썽꾼
[활용] 복수형; troublemakers
[파생] troublemaking, troublemaker
[구성단어] trouble + maker
trustworthy [형용사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] trust
[본문] How do we know that the volunteers who sign up are trustworthy?
[영영] A trustworthy person is reliable, responsible, and can be trusted completely.
[영한] ⒨ 신뢰할[믿을] 수 있는 유의어 reliable
[활용] 비교; trustworthy < trustworthier < trustworthiest
[파생] trust, trustability, trustable, truster, trustful, trustworthily, trustworthiness, trustworthy, trusty
[유의어] reliable(신뢰할 수 있다)
[반의어] untrustworthy
[어근] ⑴ trust(tree); 나무 ⑵ worth; 가치, 값어치 ⑶ y; 명사/형용사 어미
undermine [동사] [Oxford5000] [Rank; 3732] [★] [레마] undermine
[본문] Any attempt to manipulate or interfere with election infrastructures - the machines or the information sets that determine who is eligible to vote and where - undermines the right to vote.
[영영] If you undermine something such as a feeling or a system, you make it less strong or less secure than it was before, often by a gradual process or by repeated efforts.
[영한] ⒨ ① (특히 자신감/권위 등을) 약화시키다 ② 기반을 약화시키다
[첫뜻] render unstable by digging at the foundation
[활용] undermined, undermined, undermining, undermines
[파생] underminer, underminingly, undermine
[유의어] undercut
[어근] ⑴ under; 아래 ⑵ mine; mine, 캐다
volunteer [명사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 2304] [★★] [레마] volunteer
[본문] In this programme we'll be hearing about plans to prevent election cyber-attacks which involve election officials working with a very unusual group of people: volunteer hackers.
[영영] A volunteer is someone who does work without being paid for it, because they want to do it.
[영한] ⒨ ① 자원 봉사자 ② 자원해서[자발적으로] 하는 사람 ③ (군대) 지원병[자원병]
[첫뜻] one who offers himself for military service
[활용] 복수형; volunteers
<동사> ① (어떤 일을 하겠다고) 자원[자진]하다, 자원 봉사로 하다 ② 자진해서 말하다[제안하다] ③ (군대에) 자원입대하다 <형용사> ① 자발적인, 자원하는, 지원(병)의, 의용(군)의 ② (식물) 자생의
[어근] ⑴ volunt(vol); 자유의지 ⑵ eer; ~하는 사람
willingly [부사] [Oxford5000] [Rank; 5001+] [★★] [레마] will
[본문] Volunteers are people who work willingly, without being paid…
[영영] willing + ly
[영한] ⒨ 자진해서, 기꺼이, 쾌히
[파생] willingly, willingness, willing
[유의어] readily(선뜻)
[어근] ⑴ will(well); 좋음 ⑵ ing; 따라서 ⑶ ly; 부사/형용사 어미
새내기할배의 [영어단어공부]자료를 처음 보시는 분은 <다음> 링크를 클릭하셔서 BBC Learning English 6 Minute English [공부법]을 먼저 보시기 바랍니다
https://softca.blog.me/221610250801
