What is the rudest email you have ever received? We all deal with emails on a daily basis, but sometimes people can write them too quickly, without thinking enough about how it makes the other person feel. Is there anything that people write in emails which you find impolite? And have you ever sent a rude email yourself...? Phil and Becca discuss this and teach you some new vocabulary.
무엇이 [당신이 이제까지 받은] 가장 무례한 이메일일까요? 우리는 모두 이메일을 매일 매일 처리합니다. 그러나 때때로 사람들은 [그것이 다른 사람을 어떻게 느끼게 만들지]에 관해 충분히 생각하지 않고 그것들을 너무 빠르게 쓸 수 있습니다. [당신이 무례하다고 찾아낸] 이메일에 [사람들이 쓴] 무언가가 있습니까? 그리고 당신은 당신 스스로 무례한 이메일을 보내 본 적이 있습니까? 필과 Becca가 이것을 논의합니다. 그리고 당신에게 몇몇의 새로운 어휘를 가르칩니다.
이것은 이번 주제의 주요 내용입니다. 영어 단어를 공부할 때 스토리와 함께 공부하면 크게 도움이 됩니다. 다음은 이번 주에 수록된 주요 단어 목록들입니다.
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accomplish verb ★★★[2701] from [씨앗말] accomplish(to fulfill) 《 ple(채우다)
[본문] [18]Last year, thousands of US government workers received an email requiring them to justify their job by listing five things they had accomplished that week… or resign.
[영한] 완수하다, 성취하다, 해내다
[영영] If you accomplish something, you succeed in doing it.
[굴절형] accomplished, accomplished, accomplishing, accomplishes
[유의어] achieve(성취하다), achieve(이루다)
[어근] ⑴ ac(ad); to ⑵ com; 함께, with, together ⑶ pl(plet); 채우다, fill ⑷ ish; 동사어미
[어원] 《라틴어 accomplere》 [ad+complere] (Vulgar Latin) to fulfill, fill up, complete
[최초 의미] fulfill, perform, carry out an undertaking
[파생] accomplishable, accomplisher, accomplishment, accomplish
[계열] completely, complete, supply, manipulate, accomplish, implement, comply, supplement, accomplishment, compliance, completion, manipulation, complement, supplier, implementation
adjective noun ★★[4102] from [씨앗말] adject 《 ject(던지다)
[본문] [14]These emails are examples of people being uncivil - an adjective meaning rude or impolite.
[영한] (문법) 형용사
[영영] An adjective is a word such as `big', `dead', or `financial' that describes a person or thing, or gives extra information about them. Adjectives usually come before nouns or after link verbs.
[굴절형] 복수형; adjectives
<형용사> ① (문법) 형용사의[적인] ② 부수적[종속적]인, [법] (소송) 절차에 관한
[어근] ⑴ ad; 향하여, to ⑵ ject; 던지다, throw ⑶ ive; 형용사 어미
[최초 의미] word used to qualify, limit, or define a noun or noun-like part of speech
[파생] adjectival, adjectively, adjective
[계열] subject, project, object, objective, reject, jet, rejection, objection, adjective, inject, projection, injection, adjacent, subjective, objectification
annoy verb ★★★[2558] from [씨앗말] annoy(지친[피로한])
[본문] [13]Another listener found it rude when their email was answered with a single emoji, and I think that would annoy me too.
[영한] ① 짜증나게[약 오르게] 하다 ② 귀찮게 하다
[영영] If someone or something annoys you, it makes you fairly angry and impatient.
[굴절형] annoyed, annoyed, annoying, annoys
[유의어] bother(귀찮게 하다), irritate(짜증나게 하다)
<명사> 짜증, 약이 오름 =annoyance.
[어근] ⑴ ann(en); 안에 두다, in, 하게하다 ⑵ oy(odi); 싫어함, hate
[어원] 《프랑스말 enoiier》 지친[피로한], 짜증나다, 화나다
[최초 의미] to harm, hurt, injure; be troublesome or vexatious to, disquiet, upset
[파생] annoyance, annoyer, annoy
[계열] annoy, annoying, annoyed, annoyance, annoyingly, annoyingness, ennui, odious
anonymous adj. ★★[4549] from [씨앗말] anonym(without a name) 《 onym(이름)
[본문] [10]We've got an anonymous one here, who recently received a single emoji in response to a carefully considered and worded email.
[영한] ① (사람이) 익명인 ② (글/기부 등이) 익명으로 된 ③ 특색 없는
[영영] If you remain anonymous when you do something, you do not let people know that you were the person who did it.
[유의어] nameless
[어근] ⑴ an(a); 아닌 것(無) ⑵ onym; 이름, 어(語), name ⑶ ous; …이 많은, …성(性)의
[어원] 《라틴어 anonymus》 [from Greek anonymos]
[최초 의미] without a name;
[파생] anonymously, anonymous
[계열] anonymous, acronym, onomatopoeia, synonym, allonym, anonym, antonym, autonym, caconym, cryptonym, eponym, eponymous, eponymy, euonym, homonym
anxious adj. ★★★★[2221] from [씨앗말] anxious(걱정스런)
[본문] [39]We're more likely to be uncivil when we're frazzled - an informal adjective describing feeling tired or anxious because you're doing too many things at the same time.
[영한] ① 불안해하는, 염려하는 ② 불안하게 하는, 불안해 보이는 ③ 열망하는, 간절히 바라는
[영영] If you are anxious to do something or anxious that something should happen, you very much want to do it or very much want it to happen.
[유의어] uneasy
[어근] ⑴ anxi(anx); 화가나다, choke ⑵ ous; 형용사어미
[어원] 《라틴어 anxius》 걱정스런, 편치 않는
[최초 의미] greatly troubled by uncertainties,
[파생] anxiety, anxiously, anxiousness, anxious
[계열] anxiety, anxious, anxiously, anxiolytic, anxiousness
belittle verb[10000+] from [씨앗말] little(not large)
[본문] [26]So, a fight response is usually when we try to dominate or belittle other people.
[영한] 하찮게 만들다
[유의어] diminish
[구성단어] be + little
[어근] ⑴ be; be ⑵ little; 작은, little
[어원] 《고대 영어 lytel》 [base of Anglo-Saxon lyt] not large, not much, small in size or number; short in distance or time; unimportant" from ProtoGermanic *lutilla ), perhaps originally a diminutive of the root of Old English lyt "little, few
[계열] little, belittle
co-worker noun △[10000+] from [씨앗말] work(어떤 일)
[본문] [34]The flight response, meanwhile, can be seen when co-workers ignore your message or give a quick, unhelpful reply.
[영한] 동료
[굴절형] 복수형; co-workers
[구성단어] co + worker
[어근] ⑴ co(com); 함께, with ⑵ work; 일하다, work ⑶ er; 명사 어미
[어원] 《고대 영어 weorc》 어떤 일, 누군가에 의해 수행된 개별 행위, 행동(자발적이든 의무적이든), 절차, 사업; 만들어지거나 제조된 것, 노동의 산물
deadline noun ★★[3544] from [씨앗말] deadline 《 line(쇠밧줄[케이블])
[본문] [36]Unfortunately, when stressed and working to a deadline it's hard to make sure all your emails are polite.
[영한] 기한, 마감 시간[일자]
[영영] A deadline is a time or date before which a particular task must be finished or a particular thing must be done.
[굴절형] 복수형; deadlines
<동사> (정비/수리를 위해) (탱크 등을) 사용 금지하다
[구성단어] dead + line
[어근] ⑴ dead; 죽음, dead ⑵ line; 선, line
[어원] 《고대 영어 line》 ⑴[어원은 Latin linea] 쇠밧줄[케이블], 밧줄; 시리즈[연속물], 열, 글자의 열; 규칙, 방향; ⑵(폐어) 아마(亞麻)
[최초 의미] time limit
[계열] line, online, headline, airline, outline, deadline, alignment, linear, waistline, align, lining, offline, coastline, lined, aligner
defensive adj. ★★[3606] from [씨앗말] defend 《 fend(치다[부딪다])
[본문] [9]She says the unnecessary formality always has the effect of putting her immediately on the defensive.
[영한] ① 방어[수비]의 ② 방어적인 ③ (스포츠) (운동 경기에서) 수비의
[영영] You use defensive to describe things that are intended to protect someone or something.
[어근] ⑴ de; 밑, 밖으로 ⑵ fens(fend); 치다, strike ⑶ ive; 형용사 어미
[어원] 《라틴어 fendere》 (세게) 치다[부딪다]; 때리다, (거칠게) 밀다, 대항하여 때리다; (비유로) 발을 헛디디다, 잘못을 저지르다, 불쾌하게 만들다, 무단 침법하다, 짜증나게 하다
[파생] defend, defendable, defender, defense, defensive, defensively, defensiveness
[계열] offensive, defend, fence, offend, offence, defence, defense, offense, defensive, offender, defender, defendant, inoffensive, defenceless, defendable
dominate verb ★★★★[1943] from [씨앗말] domin(집)
[본문] [26]So, a fight response is usually when we try to dominate or belittle other people.
[영한] ① (특히 불쾌한 방식으로) 지배[군림]하다 ② (...의) 가장 중요한[두드러지는] 특징이 되다 ③ (어떤 장소에서) 가장 크다[높다/두드러지다] ④ (스포츠) (경기에서) 압도적으로 우세하다
[영영] To dominate a situation means to be the most powerful or important person or thing in it.
[굴절형] dominated, dominated, dominating, dominates
[어근] ⑴ domin; master, 가내(家內) ⑵ ate; 동사 어미
[어원] 《라틴어 domus》 집
[최초 의미] to rule over, control by mastery
[파생] dominance, dominant, dominantly, dominate, dominating, dominatingly, dominative, dominator
[계열] state, create, situation, education, generation, negative, private, associate, temperature, creative, investigate, estimate, separate, literature, creature
elevate verb ☆[5157] from [씨앗말] elevate(lift up) 《 lev(가벼운)
[본문] [27]Emails that are hostile in tone and language, or even cc'ing senior personnel in on the message in order to elevate an issue and put someone in their place.
[영한] ① 승진[승격]시키다 ② (들어)올리다 ③ (정도를) 높이다[증가시키다] ④ 기분을 좋게 하다
[영영] When someone or something achieves a more important rank or status, you can say that they are elevated to it.
[굴절형] elevated, elevated, elevating, elevates
[유의어] raise, promote
[어근] ⑴ e(ex); 밖으로, out ⑵ lev; 가벼운 ⑶ ate; 동사 어미
[어원] 《라틴어 elevare》 lift up, raise
[최초 의미] to raise above the usual position,
[파생] elevation, elevatory, elevate
[계열] relevant, relief, elevator, relieve, elevate, lever, leaven, alleviate, irrelevant, relevance, oblivious, levitation, levy, leverage, alleviation
email noun ★★★[2655] from [씨앗말] mail
[본문] [10]We've got an anonymous one here, who recently received a single emoji in response to a carefully considered and worded email.
[영한] ① 전자 우편, 이메일 ② 전자 우편[이메일] (내용)
[영영] electronic mail
[굴절형] 복수형; emails
<동사> 전자 우편[이메일]을[로] 보내다
[구성단어] electronic + mail
[어근] ⑴ e(e-); 전자 통신, 인터넷 ⑵ mail; mail
[어원] 《프랑스말 male》 wallet, bag, bundle
[계열] mail, email, e-mail, mailbox
employment noun ★★★★[2253] from [씨앗말] employ(enfold) 《 plic(접다)
[본문] [45]I asked you who sent the email requiring workers to justify their employment or resign.
[영한] ① 직장, (개인의) 고용 ② (사람들의) 취업[고용] ③ 고용하는 것, 채용 ④ (기술/방법 등의) 사용[이용]
[영영] Employment is the fact of having a paid job.
[굴절형] 복수형; employments
[유의어] work
[반의어] unemployment
[어근] ⑴ em(in); 안(內), in ⑵ ploy(plic); 접은, fold ⑶ ment; 명사 어미
[어원] 《라틴어 implicare》 [in+plicare] enfold, involve, be connected with, unite, associate
[파생] employ, employment
[계열] apply, employee, complicated, display, multiple, employer, double, employ, application, employment, unemployment, reply, imply, complicate, multiply
engaging adj. △[7819] from [씨앗말] engage 《 wage(몫[지분])
[본문] [38]Because we're operating in these environments where we are all quite frazzled, we are more at risk of engaging in incivility.
[영한] ① 호감이 가는, 매력적인 ② 남의 마음을 끄는, 매력 있는, 애교 있는 ③ 매혹적인(attractive), 매력있는
[영영] very attractive or pleasing in a way that holds your attention
[유의어] attractive(매력적이다), charming(매력 있다), winning(애교 있다)
[구성단어] engage + ing
[어근] ⑴ en; 안에, 하게하다, in ⑵ gag(wage); 급료, wage ⑶ ing; 형용사 어미
[어원] 《프랑스말 wage》 몫[지분], 서약, 급여, 보상
[파생] engagingly, engagingness, engaging
[계열] engage, wage, engagement, engaging, wages, wageless, wagelessness
formality noun[10000+] from [씨앗말] formal(모양[형상]) 《 form(모양)
[본문] [9]She says the unnecessary formality always has the effect of putting her immediately on the defensive.
[영한] ① (반드시 거쳐야 할) 형식상의 절차 ② 형식[의례]적인 일 ③ 격식
[영영] ① a formal quality
② something that is required or usual but that has little true meaning or importance
③ a formal part, activity, etc.
[구성단어] formal + ity
[어근] ⑴ form; 형태, form ⑵ al; 형용사 어미 ⑶ ity; 명사 어미
[어원] 《라틴어 forma》 모양, 형상, 형체
[파생] form, formal, formality, formalize, formally, formalness
[계열] information, form, platform, formal, inform, informal, uniform, transform, reform, formula, formation, transformation, format, formally, formulate
frazzled adj.[10000+] from [씨앗말] frazzle(흐트러지기 시작하다)
[본문] [38]Because we're operating in these environments where we are all quite frazzled, we are more at risk of engaging in incivility.
[영한] 기진맥진한
[구성단어] frazzle + ed
[어근] ⑴ frazz; frazzle ⑵ l(le); 지소 어미 ⑶ ed; 형용사 어미
[어원] 《고대 영어 fasel》 흐트러지기 시작하다, 해어지다[해어지게 하다]
[계열] frazzle, frazzled
friendship noun ★★★[2707] from [씨앗말] friendship 《 friend(친구)
[본문] [42]One day it might save your friendship or even your job!
[영한] ① 교우 관계 ② 우정, 친선
[영영] A friendship is a relationship between two or more friends.
[굴절형] 복수형; friendships
[유의어] companionship
[구성단어] friend + ship
[어근] ⑴ friend; 친구, friend ⑵ ship; 상태
[어원] 《고대 영어 freond》 동무[친구], 연인; 개인적인 존경심과 선호도에 의해 서로에게 애착을 느끼는 사람
[최초 의미] friendship, mutual liking and regard
[파생] befriend, friend, friendless, friendlessness, friendly, friendship
[계열] friend, friendly, girlfriend, friendship, boyfriend, unfriendly, befriend, friendless, friendlessness, friendlily, friendliness
greeting noun △[5618] from [씨앗말] greet(긁다)
[본문] [8]Rachel in Manchester says what annoys her is people who start their emails with just your name and without a simple greeting like 'hi'.
[영한] ① (말이나 행동으로 하는) 인사 ② (남의 건강/행복 등을 기원하는) 안부의 말[인사]
[굴절형] 복수형; greetings
<감탄사> 안녕하십니까
[구성단어] greet + ing
[어근] ⑴ greet; greet, weep, grate ⑵ ing; 명사 어미
[어원] 《고대 영어 grætan》 울다, 슬퍼하다
[계열] regret, greet, greeting, grate, greeter, regreet, regretful, regretfully, regretfulness, regretless, regrettable, regrettableness, regrettably, regretter
hostile adj. ★★[4358] from [씨앗말] hostile 《 host(낯선이)
[본문] [27]Emails that are hostile in tone and language, or even cc'ing senior personnel in on the message in order to elevate an issue and put someone in their place.
[영한] ① 적대적인 ② (~을) 강력히 반대[거부]하는 ③ (진행/달성을) 어렵게 하는 ④ 적군의 ⑤ (상업) (기업 등의 매수 제의가) 적대적인
[영영] If you are hostile to another person or an idea, you disagree with them or disapprove of them, often showing this in your behaviour.
[유의어] antagonistic, alien, belligerent
[반의어] osed to
<명사> ① 적대적인 사람, 유해한 것. ② (군사) 적, 적병, 적기, 적함(敵艦).
[어근] ⑴ host; 무리, 손님, 적 ⑵ ile; …에 관한(것)
[어원] 《라틴어 hostis》 낯선이, 외국인, 적, 군대
[파생] hostile, hostilely, hostility
[계열] hospital, hotel, host, hostility, hostile, hostage, hospitality, inhospitable, co-host, hospice, hospitable, hospitalize, hostageship, hostal, hostel
idiom noun ★★[4103] from [씨앗말] idiom
[본문] [33]The boss wants to put you in your place - an idiom meaning to show someone that they are less important than they think they are.
[영한] ① 관용구, 숙어 ② (특정 시기/지역에서 특정인들이 쓰는) 언어[어법] ③ (특정 개인/단체/시대/지역의) 표현 양식
[영영] A particular idiom is a particular style of something such as music, dance, or architecture.
[굴절형] 복수형; idioms
[어근] ⑴ idi; 자신의, 기이한, own ⑵ om(oma); 종(腫), 류(瘤)
[어원] 《그리스어 idios》 개인적인, 사적인, 자신의, 독특한(고유의)
[최초 의미] form of speech peculiar to a people or place
[파생] idiomatic, idiomatical, idiomatically, idiomaticalness, idiom
[계열] idiom, idiot, idiomatic, idiolect, idiomatical, idiomatically, idiomaticalness, idiopathic, idiopathy, idiophone, idiosyncrasy, idiosyncratic, idiotic, idiotically
impolite adj. △[9257] from [씨앗말] polite(refined) 《 polish(맑게 하다)
[본문] [14]These emails are examples of people being uncivil - an adjective meaning rude or impolite.
[영한] 무례한, 실례되는
[영영] not polite; rude
[유의어] discourteous, rude, uncivil
[반의어] polite
[구성단어] in + polite
[어근] ⑴ im(en); 안에, in, into ⑵ pol(poli); to polish, make smooth ⑶ ite; 명사/형용사/동사
[어원] 《라틴어 politus》 [past participle of polire] refined, elegant, accomplished, (literally) polished
[파생] impolitely, impoliteness, impolite
[계열] polite, polish, politely, politeness, impolite, impolitely, impoliteness
incivility noun △[10000+] from [씨앗말] civil 《 civ(시민)
[본문] [15]And just to note, the noun that goes with this is incivility.
[영한] 무례, 실례
<형용사>
[구성단어] in + civility
[어근] ⑴ in; 아님(不), not ⑵ civil(civ); 시민, citizen ⑶ ity; 명사어미
[어원] 《라틴어 civilis》 시민과 관련된, 공공의 삶과 관련된, 시민에 어울리는, 인기있는, 상냥한, 정중한
[계열] in, into, across, engine, ink, energy, within, improve, encourage, engage, engineer, emphasis, ensure, enable, encounter
inferior adj. △[9992] from [씨앗말] inferior
[본문] [31]The fight response can make us belittle someone - make them feel inferior or unimportant.
[영한] ① (…보다) 못한[질 낮은/열등한] ② 하위[하급/손아래]의, 더 낮은[아래의]
[영영] Something that is inferior is not as good as something else.
[유의어] subordinate(부하)
[반의어] superior
<명사> (…보다 재능 등이) 못한[못난] 사람, (지위계급 등에서) 아래 사람, 하급자
[어근] ⑴ infer(infra); 밑에 ⑵ ior; (더) ~ 하는, ~하는 사람
[어원] 《라틴어 infra》 below, under, beneath
[최초 의미] low, lower down, lower in position,
[파생] inferiority, inferiorly, inferior
informal adj. ★★★★[2151] from [씨앗말] formal(모양[형상]) 《 form(모양)
[본문] [39]We're more likely to be uncivil when we're frazzled - an informal adjective describing feeling tired or anxious because you're doing too many things at the same time.
[영한] ① 격식에 얽매이지 않는, 허물없는, 편안한 ② (옷이) 평상복의 ③ (언어가) 일상어의, 일상적인
[영영] Informal speech or behaviour is relaxed and friendly rather than serious, very correct, or official.
[유의어] casual
[반의어] formal
<명사> (정장을 하지 않는 편한) 댄스 파티. informal/ly 부사비공식[약식]으로.
[구성단어] in + formal
[어근] ⑴ in; not ⑵ form; 형태, shape ⑶ al; 형용사 어미
[어원] 《라틴어 forma》 모양, 형상, 형체
[최초 의미] lacking form; not in accordance with the rules of formal logic,
[파생] informality, informally, informal
[계열] information, form, platform, formal, inform, informal, uniform, transform, reform, formula, formation, transformation, format, formally, formulate
justify verb ★★★[2865] from [씨앗말] justify 《 just(똑바른)
[본문] [18]Last year, thousands of US government workers received an email requiring them to justify their job by listing five things they had accomplished that week… or resign.
[영한] ① 옳음[타당함]을 보여 주다 ② 정당화시키다[하다], 해명[옹호]하다 ③ (인쇄되는 텍스트의) 행의 끝을 나란히 맞추다
[영영] To justify a decision, action, or idea means to show or prove that it is reasonable or necessary.
[굴절형] justified, justified, justifying, justifies
[유의어] defend, vindicate, excuse, warrant(정당하게 만들다)
[어근] ⑴ justi(just); 정의, justice ⑵ fy; 동사 어미
[어원] 《라틴어 iustus》 [ius, jus에서 유래] 똑바른, 옳은, 공정한, 법에 따른, 합법적인, 진실한, 적절한, 완벽한, 완전한
[최초 의미] to administer justice
[파생] justice, justification, justifier, justify, justly, justness, just
[계열] just, justice, adjust, justify, injustice, justification, adjustment, unjustified, readjust, justifiably, justified, justifier, justly, justness
listener noun ★★★★[2224] from [씨앗말] listen(to listen)
[본문] [6]Recently, BBC Radio 4 programme All in the Mind asked listeners to tell them what they find rude in emails.
[영한] ① 듣는 사람, 청자 ② (라디오) 청취자
[영영] A listener is a person who listens to the radio or to a particular radio programme.
[굴절형] 복수형; listeners
[구성단어] listen + er
[어근] ⑴ listen; 듣다, listen ⑵ er; ~하는 사람(명사어미)
[어원] 《고대 영어 hlysnan》 [from Proto-Germanic *hlusinon] to listen, hear; attend to, obey, pay attention to
[파생] listener, listen
[계열] listen, listener
luckily adv. ★★[4141] from [씨앗말] luck(행복)
[본문] [40]luckily, there are ways to help.
[영한] ① 운 좋게 ② 다행히도
[영영] You add luckily to a statement to indicate that it is good that a particular thing happened or is the case because otherwise the situation would have been difficult or unpleasant.
[유의어] fortunately
[반의어] unluckily
[구성단어] lucky + ly
[어근] ⑴ luck; luck, 행운 ⑵ I(y); 형용사 어미 ⑶ ly; 부사 어미
[어원] 《중세 네덜란드말 luc》 행복, 좋은 행운
[파생] luck, luckily, luckiness, lucky
[계열] luck, lucky, luckily, unlucky, luckiness, luckless
operate verb ★★★★[1810] from [씨앗말] operate 《 oper(일[작업])
[본문] [38]Because we're operating in these environments where we are all quite frazzled, we are more at risk of engaging in incivility.
[영한] ① (기계가 특정 방식으로) 작동[가동]되다 ② (기계를) 가동[조작]하다 ③ (시스템/절차 등이) 운용[가동]되다, 운용하다, 가동시키다 ④ (사업체/기관 등이 특정한 방식으로 또는 특정한 곳에서) 영업[작업]하다 ⑤ 수술하다 ⑥ (군사) 작전을 벌이다
[영영] If you operate a business or organization, you work to keep it running properly. If a business or organization operates, it carries out its work.
[굴절형] operated, operated, operating, operates
[유의어] function, function, function(기능하다)
[어근] ⑴ oper; 일하다 ⑵ ate; 동사 어미
[어원] 《라틴어 opus》 a work
[최초 의미] to be in effect, perform or be at work, exert force or influence
[파생] operate, operation, operative, operator
[계열] state, create, situation, education, generation, negative, private, associate, temperature, creative, investigate, estimate, separate, literature, creature
pause verb ★★★[2597] from [씨앗말] pause(멈춤)
[본문] [41]If you feel angry when writing an email, pause before you hit send.
[영한] ① (말/일을 하다가) 잠시 멈추다 ② (정지 버튼을 눌러 테이프/시디 등을) 정지시키다
[영영] If you pause while you are doing something, you stop for a short period and then continue.
[굴절형] paused, paused, pausing, pauses
<명사> ① (말/행동 등의) 멈춤 [휴지] ② (특히 음악) 늘임표 ③ (녹음기/시디플레이어 등의) 정지 버튼
[어근] pause(pose); 멈추다, 쉬다
[어원] 《라틴어 pausa》 멈춤, 그만두다, 중단
[최초 의미] make a temporary stop or intermission
[파생] pausal, pauseless, pauser, pausing, pause
[계열] post, poster, positive, position, purpose, suppose, opposite, proposal, expose, impose, oppose, propose, pose, component, pause
personnel noun △[4801] from [씨앗말] person(사람)
[본문] [27]Emails that are hostile in tone and language, or even cc'ing senior personnel in on the message in order to elevate an issue and put someone in their place.
[영한] ① (조직/군대의) 인원[직원들] ② (회사의) 인사과[인적 자원부]
[영영] The personnel of an organization are the people who work for it.
[굴절형] 복수형; personnels
[유의어] human resources
<형용사> 직원의, 인사의
[구성단어] person + al
[어근] ⑴ person; 사람, person ⑵ n; 연결 글자 ⑶ el(al); 명사 어미
[어원] 《라틴어 persona》 사람, 인간, 인격; 배역[캐릭터]; 가면, 거짓 얼굴
[계열] person, personal, personality, personally, personnel, first-person, personalise
polite adj. ★★★[2642] from [씨앗말] polite(refined) 《 polish(맑게 하다)
[본문] [36]Unfortunately, when stressed and working to a deadline it's hard to make sure all your emails are polite.
[영한] ① 예의 바른, 공손한, 정중한 ② 예의상의, 의례적인 ③ 고상한
[영영] Someone who is polite has good manners and behaves in a way that is socially correct and not rude to other people.
[굴절형] 비교; polite < politer < politest
[유의어] courteous
[반의어] impolite
[어근] ⑴ pol(poli); to polish, make smooth ⑵ ite; 명사/형용사/동사
[어원] 《라틴어 politus》 [past participle of polire] refined, elegant, accomplished, (literally) polished
[최초 의미] polished, burnished; elegant, cultured
[파생] politely, politeness, polite
[계열] polite, polish, politely, politeness, impolite, impolitely, impoliteness
politely adv. ★★[4587] from [씨앗말] polite(refined) 《 polish(맑게 하다)
[본문] [4]Sending emails is a big part of modern work, and most people try to write emails politely.
[영한] 공손히, 예의 바르게, 점잖게, 고상하게, 품위있게
[영영] polite + ly
[구성단어] polite + ly
[어근] ⑴ pol(poli); to polish, make smooth ⑵ ite; 형용사 어미 ⑶ ly; 부사어미
[어원] 《라틴어 politus》 [past participle of polire] refined, elegant, accomplished, (literally) polished
[파생] politely, politeness, polite
[계열] polite, polish, politely, politeness, impolite, impolitely, impoliteness
presenter noun △[5426] from [씨앗말] present 《 pres(앞에 있다)
[본문] [7]Here, presenter Claudia Hammond and guest Pete Olusoga discuss what listeners had to say:
[영한] ① (라디오/텔레비전 프로 각 부분의) 진행자[사회자] ② (특정 주제에 대한) 발표자 ③ (시상식에서) 시상하는 사람
[영영] A radio or television presenter is a person who introduces the items in a particular programme. (in AM, usually use host, anchor)
[굴절형] 복수형; presenters
[구성단어] present + er
[어근] ⑴ present(pres); 앞에 있다, be before ⑵ er; ~하는 사람(명사어미)
[어원] 《라틴어 present》
[최초 의미] one who presents
[계열] present, represent, presence, representation, representative, presentation, presenter, co-presenter, presently, presentable, presenteeism, pres, presentational, presentee, presentment
psychologist noun ★★★★[2014] from [씨앗말] psychology 《 psycho(영혼)
[본문] [25]Here, psychologist Dr Emma Russell explains these responses for BBC Radio 4's All in the Mind.
[영한] 심리학자
[영영] A psychologist is a person who studies the human mind and tries to explain why people behave in the way that they do.
[굴절형] 복수형; psychologists
[구성단어] psychology + ist
[어근] ⑴ psycho(psych); 심리, mind, psyche ⑵ log; study of ⑶ ist; ~하는 사람(명사어미)
[어원] 《라틴어 psychologia》
[파생] psychological, psychologist, psychology
[계열] technology, psychological, psychologist, psychology, biological, biology, dialogue, technological, apology, theology, apologize, theological, apologise, ideological, ideology
quiz noun ★★[4101] from [씨앗말] quiz(넌 누구니?)
[본문] [58]It's on our website, along with a quiz and a worksheet for this episode, and that's bbclearningenglish.com.
[영한] ① 퀴즈 ② (학생들에게 하는 비공식적인간단한) 시험[테스트]
[영영] A quiz is a game or competition in which someone tests your knowledge by asking you questions.
[굴절형] 복수형; quizzes
<동사> ① (많은) 질문을 하다, 심문하다 ② (학생들에게 비공식적으로간단히) 시험을 치다[테스트를 하다]
[어근] quiz; quiz
[어원] 《라틴어 qui es》 넌 누구니?
[파생] quizzable, quizzer, quiz
[계열] quiz
reply verb ★★★★[2387] from [씨앗말] reply 《 plic(접다)
[본문] [29]They won't reply, or if they do reply, maybe they don't answer all of the points in the email.
[영한] ① 대답하다, 답장[답신]을 보내다, 응하다, 대응하다 ② 대응하다
[영영] to say, write, or do something as an answer or response
[굴절형] replied, replied, replying, replies
[유의어] answer(대답하다), respond, depend
<명사> 대답, 답장, 답신, 대응
[어근] ⑴ re; 다시, 반대로, again ⑵ ply(plic); 접은, fold
[파생] replier, reply
[계열] apply, employee, complicated, display, multiple, employer, double, employ, application, employment, unemployment, reply, imply, complicate, multiply
reply noun ★★★★[2387] from [씨앗말] reply 《 plic(접다)
[본문] [34]The flight response, meanwhile, can be seen when co-workers ignore your message or give a quick, unhelpful reply.
[영한] 대답, 답장, 답신, 대응
[굴절형] 복수형; replies
<동사> ① 대답하다, 답장[답신]을 보내다, 응하다, 대응하다 ② 대응하다
[어근] ⑴ re; 다시, 반대로, again ⑵ ply(plic); 접은, fold
[파생] replier, reply
[계열] apply, employee, complicated, display, multiple, employer, double, employ, application, employment, unemployment, reply, imply, complicate, multiply
resign verb ★★★[3018] from [씨앗말] resign 《 sign(식별 표시)
[본문] [18]Last year, thousands of US government workers received an email requiring them to justify their job by listing five things they had accomplished that week… or resign.
[영한] 사직[사임]하다, 물러나다
[영영] If you resign from a job or position, you formally announce that you are leaving it.
[굴절형] resigned, resigned, resigning, resigns
[구성단어] re + sign
[어근] ⑴ re; back ⑵ sign; 표시, sign
[어원] 《라틴어 signum》 식별 표시, 토큰, 표시, 기호; 증거; 군사 표준, 부관; 신호, 징조; 하늘에 표시, 별자리
[파생] resign, resignation, resigner
[계열] sign, design, significant, signal, designer, significantly, resign, assign, seal, assignment, signature, significance, signify, designate, insignificant
rude adj. ★★★[2584] from [씨앗말] rude
[본문] [6]Recently, BBC Radio 4 programme All in the Mind asked listeners to tell them what they find rude in emails.
[영한] ① 무례한, 예의 없는, 버릇없는 ② (섹스/인체와 관련된) 저속한[남부끄러운, 낯뜨거운] ③ (나쁜 일이) 예상치 못한, 불시의 ④ (문예체) 대충 만든
[영영] When people are rude, they act in an impolite way towards other people or say impolite things about them.
[굴절형] 비교; rude < ruder < rudest
[유의어] primitive, impolite, uncivil
[어근] rude(rudi); 거친, unskilled, rough
[어원] 《라틴어 rudus》 rubble, broken stone
[최초 의미] coarse, rough
[파생] rudely, rudeness, rudery, rude
[계열] rude, erudition, rudeness, erudite, rudiment, rudimentary, rudity
rudeness noun[10000+] from [씨앗말] rude
[본문] [24]Now, according to some psychologists, rudeness in emails is based on a fight-or-flight response humans feel when stressed.
[영한] 버릇없음, 무례함, 조잡함.
[구성단어] rude + ness
[어근] ⑴ rude(rudi); 거친, unskilled, rough ⑵ ness; 명사 어미
[어원] 《라틴어 rudus》 rubble, broken stone
[파생] rudely, rudeness, rudery, rude
[계열] rude, erudition, rudeness, erudite, rudiment, rudimentary, rudity
threatened adj. △[10000+] from [씨앗말] threat(군중)
[본문] [12]The phrase to put someone on the defensive means to do or say something which makes them feel threatened or unsure.
[영한] ① (야생 동물의 종(種)이) 멸종할 위기에 직면한 ② 위협당한, 위험에 직면한.
[영영] 형용사 <야생 동물의 종(種)이> 멸종할 위기에 직면한
[구성단어] threaten + ed
[어근] ⑴ threat; 위협, threat ⑵ en; 만들다 ⑶ ed; 형용사 어미
[어원] 《고대 영어 þreat》 군중, 부대[군대]
[파생] threat, threaten, threatener, threatening, threateningly, threatened
[계열] threat, threaten, threatening, threatened, threatener, threateningly, thrust, thrustful
tone noun ★★★★[2142] from [씨앗말] tone(늘린 가죽)
[본문] [27]Emails that are hostile in tone and language, or even cc'ing senior personnel in on the message in order to elevate an issue and put someone in their place.
[영한] ① 어조, 말투 ② (글 등의) 분위기[논조] ③ 음조, 음색 ④ 색조 ⑤ (근육피부의) 탄력 ⑥ (전화의) 발신음[신호음] ⑦ 장2도 음정 ⑧ 억양, 어조 ⑨ (중국어의 사성 같은) 성조 ⑩ [형용사에서] …한 음색[색조]의
[영영] The tone of a sound is its particular quality.
[굴절형] 복수형; tones
<동사> ① (근육피부를) 탄력 있게[탄탄하게] 만들다 ② (색상이) 어울리다
[어근] tone; 소리, stretch
[어원] 《그리스어 tonos》 늘린 가죽, 톤[색조, 음조]
[최초 의미] musical sound or note
[파생] tonal, tone
[계열] tone, tune, intonation, tonic, baritone, catatonia, intonate, intonational, intone, intoner, isotonic, monotone, tonal, tonically, tonicity
uncivil adj. △[10000+] from [씨앗말] uncivil 《 civ(시민)
[본문] [14]These emails are examples of people being uncivil - an adjective meaning rude or impolite.
[영한] ① 정중하지 못한 ② 예절 없는, 무례한, 버릇없는 ③ (드물게) 미개한, 야만한
[영영] lacking civility or good manners
[유의어] rude, insulting, discourteous, impolite, disrespectful
[반의어] civil
[어근] ⑴ un; not ⑵ civil(civ); 시민
[어원] 《라틴어 civis》 시민, 도시 사람
[최초 의미] barbarous
[파생] uncivility, uncivilly, uncivilness, uncivil
[계열] city, citizen, civil, civilization, civilian, civic, citizenship, civilisation, civility, civilized, citadel, civilize, uncivilized, uncivilise, citify
unhelpful adj. △[7197] from [씨앗말] help
[본문] [34]The flight response, meanwhile, can be seen when co-workers ignore your message or give a quick, unhelpful reply.
[영한] 도움이 안 되는, 쓸모가 없는, 선뜻 도우려 하지 않는
[영영] ① giving no help; not helpful or useful
② If you say that someone or something is unhelpful, you mean that they do not help you or improve a situation, and may even make things worse.
[반의어] helpful
[어근] ⑴ un; not ⑵ help; 도움 ⑶ ful; 접미사
[어원] 《고대 영어 helpan》 돕다, 지원하다; 구조; 혜택, ~애 좋게 하다, 치유하다, 개정[수정[하다
[파생] unhelpfully, unhelpfulness, unhelpful
[계열] beautiful, successful, powerful, useful, carefully, wonderful, careful, helpful, successfully, awful, hopefully, harmful, painful, peaceful, cheerful
unimportant adj. ★★[3658] from [씨앗말] important(들여오다[도입하다]) 《 port(운반하다)
[본문] [31]The fight response can make us belittle someone - make them feel inferior or unimportant.
[영한] 중요하지 않은, 하찮은
[영영] If you describe something or someone as unimportant, you mean that they do not have much influence, effect, or value, and are therefore not worth serious consideration.
[구성단어] un + important
[어근] ⑴ un; 아님(不,無), not ⑵ im(in); into, in ⑶ port; to carry ⑷ ant; ~한(형용사어미)
[어원] 《라틴어 importare》 들여오다[도입하다], 실어 아르다, 밖에서 들여오다
[파생] unimportantly, unimportant
[계열] sport, airport, important, support, report, opportunity, reporter, importance, transport, supporter, port, transportation, import, export, unimportant
unnecessary adj. ★★[3865] from [씨앗말] necessary(ne+cedere) 《 cede(가다)
[본문] [9]She says the unnecessary formality always has the effect of putting her immediately on the defensive.
[영한] ① 불필요한, 필요 이상의 ② (발언 등이) 쓸데없는, 부적절한
[영영] If you describe something as unnecessary, you mean that it is not needed or does not have to be done, and is undesirable. The slaughter of whales is unnecessary and inhuman
[유의어] unjustified, uncalled for
[반의어] necessary
[어근] ⑴ un; 아님(不, 無), not ⑵ ne(neg); not ⑶ cess(cede); give way ⑷ ary; 형용사 어미
[어원] 《라틴어 fraternus》 [from frater("a brother")] friendly, closely allied, (literally) brotherly
[파생] unnecessarily, unnecessariness, unnecessary
[계열] process, success, successful, access, necessary, necessarily, succeed, successfully, procedure, ancestor, accessible, necessity, proceed, unprecedented, exceed
unsure adj. △[10000+] from [씨앗말] unsure 《 sure(걱정 없는)
[본문] [12]The phrase to put someone on the defensive means to do or say something which makes them feel threatened or unsure.
[영한] ① 확신하지 못하는, 의심스러워하는 ② 자신 없는
[영영] If you are unsure of yourself, you lack confidence.
[굴절형] 비교; unsure < unsurer < unsurest
[반의어] sure
[구성단어] un + sure
[어근] ⑴ un; 아님(不, 無), not ⑵ sure; 안전, sure
[어원] 《라틴어 securus》 [se+cura] 걱정 없는, 문제 없는, 조심하지 않는, 안전한
[파생] unsurely, unsureness, unsure
[계열] sure, surely, ensure, assure, Insurance, reassure, assurance, surety, unsure, reassurance, assurable, assurer, insurability, insurable, insure
vocabulary noun ★★★[2936] from [씨앗말] vocabulary(단어[낱말]) 《 voc(부르다)
[본문] [16]In this episode, we'll be hearing more about rude emails at work and, as usual, we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary, all of which you can find on our website, bbclearningenglish.com.
[영한] ① (개인이 아는/사용하는) 어휘 ② (특정 언어의 모든) 어휘 ③ (특정 주제에 관련된) 용어 ④ 어휘 목록(특히 외국어 학습 교재 속에 의미와 함께 제시된 것)
[영영] Your vocabulary is the total number of words you know in a particular language.
[굴절형] 복수형; vocabularies
[유의어] words and phrases
[어근] ⑴ vocabul(voc); 소리, voice ⑵ ary; 부속의
[어원] 《라틴어 vocabulum》 단어[낱말], 이름, 명사
[최초 의미] list of words with explanations
[파생] vocabularied, vocabulary
[계열] voice, advocate, vocal, vocabulary, provoke, invoke, evoke, evocative, equivocal, provocative, voiceless, vocation, vocational, advocacy, advocation
website noun ★★★[2484] from [씨앗말] website(웹사이트) 《 site(장소)
[본문] [16]In this episode, we'll be hearing more about rude emails at work and, as usual, we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary, all of which you can find on our website, bbclearningenglish.com.
[영한] 웹사이트(기업/단체/개인이 정보를 올릴 수 있는 홈페이지)
[영영] A website is a set of data and information about a particular subject which is available on the Internet.
[굴절형] 복수형; websites
[구성단어] web + site
[어근] ⑴ web; 거미줄, web ⑵ site; 위치, 직위, place, position
[어원] 《영어 website》 웹사이트
[계열] situation, site, website, bombsite, campsite, situate, situational
withdraw verb ★★★[3405] from [씨앗말] withdraw(to retract.) 《 draw(끌기)
[본문] [28]Then the flight response is when people try to protect themselves by withdrawing or avoiding.
[영한] ① (뒤로) 물러나다, 철수하다, 빼내다, 철수시키다 ② (제공 등을) 중단[취소/철회]하다 ③ (활동/조직에서) 탈퇴[기권]하다, 탈퇴[기권]시키다 ④ (계좌에서 돈을) 인출하다 ⑤ (앞서 한 말/주장 등을) 취소[철회]하다 ⑥ (사람들과 어울리지 않고 자기 안으로) 침잠하다[틀어박히다]
[영영] If you withdraw something from a place, you remove it or take it away.
[굴절형] withdrew, withdrawn, withdrawing, withdraws
[유의어] pull out, retract, draw, pull back
[구성단어] with + draw
[어근] ⑴ with; 반(反) 역(逆) ⑵ draw; 끌다, draw
[어원] 《라틴어 retrahere》 to retract.
[파생] withdrawable, withdrawal, withdrawer, withdraw
[계열] draw, drag, draft, drawing, withdraw, drawer, drawback, withdrawal, draught, redraw, drafter, draftsman, draughty, drawable, overdraft
workload noun △[9444] from [씨앗말] load(길)
[본문] [35]Such colleagues want to get work off their plate - another idiom, meaning to remove tasks from your own workload and give them to someone else to deal with.
[영한] 업무량, 작업량
[영영] The workload of a person or organization is the amount of work that has to be done by them.
[구성단어] work + load
[어근] ⑴ work; 일하다, work ⑵ load; 짐(을 싣다), load
[어원] 《고대 영어 lad》 길, 코스, 운반; 거리, 수로; 유지 보수, 지원
[계열] work, worker, network, working, workplace, artwork, workout, framework, worksheet, clockwork, workload, teamwork, co-worker, overworked, basketwork
worksheet noun △[5441] from [씨앗말] worksheet 《 sheet(옷 길이)
[본문] [58]It's on our website, along with a quiz and a worksheet for this episode, and that's bbclearningenglish.com.
[영한] ① (학습용) 연습 문제지[평가지] ② 작업 계획표[진행표] ③ 워크시트
[굴절형] 복수형; worksheets
[구성단어] work + sheet
[어근] ⑴ work; 일하다, work ⑵ sheet; sheet
[어원] 《고대 영어 sciete》 옷 길이, 덮기, 내프킨, 수건, 감추는 것
[계열] sheet, worksheet
이 블로그에는 [BBC 6분 영어와 관련하여 매주 다음과 같은 글들이 게시 됩니다
- 단어공부(금주 대본에 나온 주요 어휘) 이 글입니다
- 멀티단어공부(금주 대본에 사용된 멀티단어(구동사, 숙어) 간단 정리) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 독해공부(금주 대본의 문장별 해석(직역) 자료) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 문장별 문법공부(문장별 문법 설명) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 금주의 어휘(금주 대본에 나온 금주의 어휘를 집중적으로 정리한 자료) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 항목별 문법공부(금주 대본에 나온 문법을 주제별/항목별로 정리한 자료) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 금주의 구동사(금주 대본에 사용된 구동사 상세 정리) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 금주의 PDF(금주의 PDF 및 기타 다운로드 파일) https://softca.tistory.com/3685
금주의 PDF 파일은 이곳을 클릭하세요.
새내기할배 6분영어의 [영어단어공부]자료를 처음 보시는 분은 <다음> 링크를 클릭하셔서 BBC 러닝잉글리시 6분영어 [공부법]을 먼저 보시기 바랍니다
https://softca.tistory.com/4?category=827780
본 글은 Word Frequency 기준 1800순위 이하를 제외한 단어만을 수록하고 있습니다.
본 자료는 PDF 파일로 다운 받을 수 있습니다.
새내기할배 6분영어 블로그가 제안하는 영어단어 암기법은 기본적으로 문장을 통해 암기하는 것입니다. 그래서 설명하는 모든 단어마다 본문도 함께 제시됩니다. 그러나 새로 나온다고 해서 모든 단어를 무한정 암기할 수는 없습니다. 그래서 암기해야 해야 할 단어와 이해만 하고 넘어갈 단어를 구분하는 지혜가 필요합니다.
6분영어는 BBC 러닝잉글리시 사이트에서 매주 출간하는 무료 영어 교육 콘텐츠이며 오디오 파일과 대본(Script) 파일을 제공합니다. 
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