6 Minute English는 BBC Learning English 사이트에서 매주 출간하는 무료 영어 교육 콘텐츠이며 오디오 파일과 대본(Script) 파일을 제공합니다. 
Henrietta Lacks made an amazing contribution to medical research which has only recently been recognised. Rob and Georgina discuss her remarkable story.
Henrietta Lacks는 최근에야 인정받은 의학 연구에 놀라운 공헌을했습니다. Rob과 Georgina가 그녀의 놀라운 이야기에 대해 이야기합니다.
새내기할배 블로그가 제안하는 영어단어 암기법은 기본적으로 문장을 통해 암기하는 것입니다. 그래서 설명하는 모든 단어마다 본문도 함께 제시됩니다. 그러나 새로 나온다고 해서 모든 단어를 무한정 암기할 수는 없습니다. 그래서 암기해야 해야 할 단어와 이해만 하고 넘어갈 단어를 구분하는 지혜가 필요합니다.
[BBC Leaning English] 6 Minute English - The woman whose cells never die에 수록된 영어단어 수는
- 고유명사를 제외하고 총 360개 입니다.
- 이중 OxFord 3000단어와 일치하는 영어단어는 334개로 93%가 해당됩니다.
- 미국의 WordFrequency 사이트에서 조사한 Top 5,000내 포함하는 영어단어는 323개로 90%가 해당됩니다.
- Naver 사전에서 [★★/매우 중요]로 분류된 영어단어는 333개로 93%가 해당됩니다.
- 세개의 기준에 모두 일치하는 영어단어는 모두 313개로 87%의 싱크로율을 보입니다.
이들 기준에 해당되는 영어단어 중 암기해야 할 단어의 수준을 각자 정하고 그 수준의 영어단어가 나오면 문장과 함께 암기하는 습관을 들이면 영어단어공부에 큰 성과를 거둘 수 있을 것입니다
본 글은 Word Frequency 기준 2000순위 이하를 제외한 단어만을 수록하고 있습니다.
본 자료는 PDF 파일로 다운 받을 수 있습니다.
이 블로그에는 [BBC 6분 영어와 관련하여 매주 다음과 같은 글들이 게시 됩니다
- 단어공부(금주 대본에 나온 주요 어휘) 이 글입니다
- 멀티단어공부(금주 대본에 사용된 멀티단어(구동사, 숙어) 간단 정리) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 독해공부(금주 대본의 문장별 해석(직역) 자료) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 문장별 문법공부(문장별 문법 설명) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 금주의 어휘(금주 대본에 나온 금주의 어휘를 집중적으로 정리한 자료) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 항목별 문법공부(금주 대본에 나온 문법을 주제별/항목별로 정리한 자료) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 금주의 구동사(금주 대본에 사용된 구동사 상세 정리) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
amazing [형용사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2314] [★★] [레마] amaze←maze
[본문] [51]Henrietta Lacks made an amazing contribution to medical research which has only recently been recognised.
[영영] You say that something is amazing when it is very surprising and makes you feel pleasure, approval, or wonder.
[영한] ⒨ (감탄스럽도록) 놀라운
[파생] amazingly, amazing
[유의어] incredible(놀랍다), astounding(놀랍다), fantastic, astonishing
[어근] ⑴ a(ad); 향하여, 첨가, to ⑵ maz(maze); maze, 깜짝 놀란 ⑶ ing; 형용사 어미
anniversary [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 3403] [★★] [레마] anniversary←verse
[본문] [36]And with the eyes of the world now focused on vaccines for the coronavirus, this year is a symbolic time to celebrate her centenary - the one hundredth anniversary of an important event.
[영영] An anniversary is a date which is remembered or celebrated because a special event happened on that date in a previous year.
[영한] ⒨ 기념일
[활용] 복수형; anniversaries
<형용사> 기념일[제]의, 해마다의
[어근] ⑴ anni; 하루, 년, 해 ⑵ vers(verse); 돌다, turn ⑶ ary; 명사 어미
announcement [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 3639] [★] [레마] announce
[본문] [32]Henrietta would have particularly liked the announcement this year that polio vaccine had led to the eradication of polio in Africa - so the centenary of her birth it seems rather symbolic that her unwitting contribution to medicine eventually eradicated that scourge of mankind.
[영영] An announcement is a statement made to the public or to the media which gives information about something that has happened or that will happen.
[영한] ⒨ ① 발표 (내용), 소식 ② 발표 (행위)
[활용] 복수형; announcements
[파생] announceable, announcement, announce
[어근] ⑴ an(ad); to ⑵ nounce; 보고하다, declare ⑶ ment;
biography [명사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 4932] [★★] [레마] graph
[본문] [21]Now, it was Henrietta's biography by science writer, Rebecca Skloot, that brought her remarkable story to the world's attention a decade ago.
[영영] A biography of someone is an account of their life, written by someone else.
[영한] ⒨ 전기
[활용] 복수형; biographies
[유의어] life
[어근] ⑴ bio; life ⑵ graphy(graph); to write
breakthrough [명사] [Oxf5] [R; 5001+] [레마] break
[본문] [12]Named 'HeLa cells' after her initials, Henrietta Lacks' tissue helped make possible all sorts of medical breakthroughs, from the polio vaccine to cancer drugs, to HIV and IVF treatments.
[영영] A breakthrough is an important development or achievement.
[영한] ⒨ ① 돌파구 ② (문제 해결의) 돌파, (난관의) 타개.
[활용] 복수형; breakthroughs
<형용사> 대약진의, 대발명[발견]의.
[구성단어] break + through
centenary [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] cent
[본문] [32]Henrietta would have particularly liked the announcement this year that polio vaccine had led to the eradication of polio in Africa - so the centenary of her birth it seems rather symbolic that her unwitting contribution to medicine eventually eradicated that scourge of mankind.
[영영] The centenary of an event such as someone's birth is the 100th anniversary of that event.
[영한] ⒨ 100주년
[활용] 복수형; centenaries
<형용사> 100(년)의, 100년마다의
[어근] ⑴ centen(cent); 100 ⑵ ary; 형용사/명사어미
[BRIT][AM→centennial]
consent [동사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 4437] [★★] [레마] consent←sense
[본문] [11]Although she never consented to her tissues being used for medical research, doctors at the time found her cells to have an extraordinary ability to replace themselves endlessly.
[영영] If you consent to something, you agree to do it or to allow it to be done.
[영한] ⒨ 동의[허락]하다
[첫뜻] agree, give assent; yield when one has the right, power, or will to oppose,
[활용] consented, consented, consenting, consents
[파생] consensus, consentaneity, consentaneous, consenter, consentience, consentient, consenting, consentingly, consent
<명사> ① (특히 권위 있는 사람에 의한) 동의[허락] ② 합의 ③ (정식) 인가
[어근] ⑴ con(com); with ⑵ sent; 느낌, feel
consent [명사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 4437] [★★] [레마] consent←sense
[본문] [35]That's why John Burn calls Henrietta's contribution unwitting - it was made without her knowledge or consent.
[영영] If you give your consent to something, you give someone permission to do it.
[영한] ⒨ ① (특히 권위 있는 사람에 의한) 동의[허락] ② 합의 ③ (정식) 인가
[첫뜻] approval, voluntary acceptance of what is done or proposed,
[활용] 복수형; consents
[파생] consensus, consentaneity, consentaneous, consenter, consentience, consentient, consenting, consentingly, consent
[반의어] dissent(반대)
<동사> 동의[허락]하다
[어근] ⑴ con(com); with ⑵ sent; 느낌, feel
diabetic [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] diabetes←base
[본문] [43]Discovered by Canadian doctor Frederick Banting, insulin saved the lives of millions of diabetics.
[영영] ① A diabetic is a person who suffers from diabetes.
② having or connected with diabetes
[영한] ⒨ 당뇨병 환자
[활용] 복수형; diabetics
<형용사> ① 당뇨병의, 당뇨병이 있는 ② 당뇨병 환자(용)의
[어근] ⑴ dia; 통하여 ⑵ bet(bas); 걷다, 기초, step ⑶ ic; 형용사 어미
embryo [명사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] embryo
[본문] [24]In vitro fertilization - that started with the ability to grow embryos in culture which you can do in part thanks to her cells so the list just goes on and on, and right now people are often asking how are HeLa cells helping with Covid.
[영영] An embryo is an unborn animal or human being in the very early stages of development.
[영한] ⒨ 배아(인간의 경우는 수정 후 첫 8주까지의 태아)
[첫뜻] fetus in utero at an early stage of development,
[활용] 복수형; embryos
[파생] embryoid, embryonic, embryo
<형용사> 미발달의, 미성숙한
[어원] embryon(Greek), neut. of embryos; en+bryein; em+bruein; a young one; fetus, thing newly born(embryos의 중성명사, 어린 것[아이]; 태아, 막 태어난 것[아기])
endlessly [부사] [R; 5001+] [레마] end
[본문] [11]Although she never consented to her tissues being used for medical research, doctors at the time found her cells to have an extraordinary ability to replace themselves endlessly.
[영영] endless + ly
[영한] ⒨ 끝없이, 무한히, 영원히, 끝없이 길게.
[파생] endlessly, endless
[어근] ⑴ end; 끝, end ⑵ less; …이 없는, without ⑶ ly; 부사 어미
eradicate [동사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] eradicate←radical
[본문] [34]Henrietta's role in eradicating this terrible disease is all the more remarkable as she was never asked permission to use her cells for research, and it's taken decades for the Lacks family to win their grandmother the recognition she deserves.
[영영] To eradicate something means to get rid of it completely.
[영한] ⒨ 근절하다, 뿌리뽑다
[첫뜻] destroy utterly
[활용] eradicated eradicated eradicating eradicates
[파생] eradicable, eradicably, eradication, eradicative, eradicator, eradicate
[유의어] wipe out
[어근] ⑴ e(ex); 밖으로, out ⑵ radic; 뿌리, root ⑶ ate; 동사 어미
eradication [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] eradicate←radical
[본문] [32]Henrietta would have particularly liked the announcement this year that polio vaccine had led to the eradication of polio in Africa - so the centenary of her birth it seems rather symbolic that her unwitting contribution to medicine eventually eradicated that scourge of mankind.
[영영] to do away with as completely as if by pulling up by the roots
[영한] ⒨ 근절, 박멸, 소거
[활용] [U]
[파생] eradicable, eradicably, eradication, eradicative, eradicator, eradicate
[어근] ⑴ e(ex); 밖으로, out ⑵ radic; 뿌리, root ⑶ ation; 명사 어미
fertility [명사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] fertile←fer
[본문] [29]This resulted not only in new fertility treatments, but later in AIDS and cancer breakthroughs, which is why Rebecca refers to HeLa cells as a workhorse, meaning someone who does a lot of work.
[영영] fertile + ity
[영한] ⒨ 비옥함, 생식력
[활용] [U]
[파생] fertilely, fertileness, fertility, fertilize, fertile
[반의어] infertility
[어근] ⑴ fert(fer); 운반, carry ⑵ il(ile); …에 관한(것) ⑶ ity; 명사 어미
fertilization [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] fertile←fer
[본문] [24]In vitro fertilization - that started with the ability to grow embryos in culture which you can do in part thanks to her cells so the list just goes on and on, and right now people are often asking how are HeLa cells helping with Covid.
[영영] an act or process of making fertile
[영한] ⒨ (토질을) 기름지게 함[하는 법], 비옥화, 다산화(化), 시비(施肥), [생리/생물] 수정, 수태
[활용] [U]
[파생] fertilisable, fertilizable, fertilization, fertilize, fertilizer, fertile
[어근] ⑴ fert(fer); 운반, carry ⑵ il(ile); …에 관한(것) ⑶ iz(ize); …(의 상태)로 만들다 ⑷ ation; 명사 어미
[AM][BRIT→fertilisation]
fertilize [동사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] fertile←fer
[본문] [26]Doctors used Henrietta's cells to figure out - or understand, how cells reproduce and divide - knowledge that was vital in developing in vitro fertilization, or IVF, a technique for women who cannot become pregnant naturally, in which an egg is fertilized outside the body.
[영영] When an egg from the ovary of a woman or female animal is fertilized, a sperm from the male joins with the egg, causing a baby or young animal to begin forming. A female plant is fertilized when its reproductive parts come into contact with pollen from the male plant.
[영한] ⒨ ① 수정시키다 ② (토지에) 비료를 주다
[활용] fertilized, fertilized, fertilizing, fertilizes
[파생] fertilely, fertileness, fertilisable, fertility, fertilizable, fertilization, fertilize, fertilizer, fertile
[어근] ⑴ fert(fer); 운반, carry ⑵ il(ile); …에 관한(것) ⑶ ize; …(의 상태)로 만들다
[AM][BRIT→fertilise]
forum [명사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 4759] [★] [레마] forum
[본문] [22]Here is Rebecca Skloot, explaining Henrietta's importance to BBC World Service programme, The forum:
[영영] A forum is a place, situation, or group in which people exchange ideas and discuss issues, especially important public issues.
[영한] ⒨ ① 포럼, (토론의) 장, 토론회 ② (고대 로마의) 포럼[광장]
[활용] 복수형; forums fora
[어근] forum(fores); 문밖, outside
grandmother [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2518] [★★] [레마] mother
[본문] [34]Henrietta's role in eradicating this terrible disease is all the more remarkable as she was never asked permission to use her cells for research, and it's taken decades for the Lacks family to win their grandmother the recognition she deserves.
[영영] Your grandmother is the mother of your father or mother.
[영한] ⒨ 할머니, 외할머니
[활용] 복수형; grandmothers
[구성단어] grand + mother
HIV [약어명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] HIV
[본문] [12]Named 'HeLa cells' after her initials, Henrietta Lacks' tissue helped make possible all sorts of medical breakthroughs, from the polio vaccine to cancer drugs, to HIV and IVF treatments.
[영한] ⒨ 에이즈[HIV] 바이러스
[Full] human immunodeficiency virusvirus
incredible [형용사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 3054] [★★] [레마] credit
[본문] [25][…] Scientists worked that out very quickly using her cells… they figured out what the receptor looks like and they did the same thing with HIV… so her cells are just this incredible workhorse that is at the base of so much science.
[영영] If you describe something or someone as incredible, you like them very much or are impressed by them, because they are extremely or unusually good.
[영한] ⒨ ① 믿을 수 없는, 믿기 힘든 ② (너무 좋거나 커서) 믿어지지 않을 정도인
[첫뜻] unbelievable, surpassing belief as to what is possible
[파생] incredibility, incredibleness, incredibly, incredible
[유의어] unbelievable, amazing(놀랍다), extraordinary, unbelievable(믿기 힘들다)
[반의어] credible(믿을 수 없다)
[어근] ⑴ in; 아님(不) ⑵ cred; 신용 ⑶ ible(able); 형용사 어미
insulin [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] insulin
[본문] [18]a) the discovery of insulin, b) the discovery of penicillin, or, c) the discovery of vitamin E?
[영영] Insulin is a substance that most people produce naturally in their body and which controls the level of sugar in their blood.
[영한] ⒨ 인슐린
[활용] [U]
[어근] ⑴ insul; 섬, isle, island ⑵ in; …에 속하는, …에 속함
IVF [약어명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] IVF
[본문] [12]Named 'HeLa cells' after her initials, Henrietta Lacks' tissue helped make possible all sorts of medical breakthroughs, from the polio vaccine to cancer drugs, to HIV and IVF treatments.
[영영] IVF is a method of helping a woman to have a baby in which an egg is removed from one of her ovaries, fertilized outside her body, and then replaced in her womb. IVF is an abbreviation for `in vitro fertilization'.
[영한] ⒨ 체외 수정
[Full] in vitro fertilization
lab [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2108] [★★] [레마] labor
[본문] [27]Our bodies are made of millions and millions of cells and to understand how they work we need to grow them in a lab.
[영영] A lab is the same as a laboratory.
[영한] ⒨ (口) 랩, 연구[실험]실[동(棟)], 실험, (경찰의) 감식(鑑識)
[첫뜻] laboratory
[활용] [U]
[유의어] laboratory(연구실)
[어근] labor; 노동
legacy [명사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 3217] [★★] [레마] legate
[본문] [30]But perhaps Henrietta's greatest legacy of all was the vaccine for polio.
[영영] A legacy is money or property which someone leaves to you when they die.
[영한] ⒨ ① (죽은 사람이 남긴) 유산 ② (과거의) 유산
[첫뜻] body of persons sent on a mission
[유의어] inheritance
[어근] ⑴ lega; 보내다 ⑵ cy; 명사어미
lifetime [명사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 2791] [★★] [레마] life
[본문] [8]I know another person whose huge contribution to science went unrecognised during her lifetime, Rob, but unlike Van Gogh or Galileo, you probably haven't heard of her.
[영영] A lifetime is the length of time that someone is alive.
[영한] ⒨ 일생, 평생, 생애
[활용] 복수형; lifetimes
<형용사> 일생의
[구성단어] life + time
no-one [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] one
[본문] [28]no-one had succeeded in doing this until Henrietta's extraordinary cells which just grew and grew.
[영한] ⒨ 아무도 …않다
[구성단어] no + one
penicillin [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] penicillin
[본문] [18]a) the discovery of insulin, b) the discovery of penicillin, or, c) the discovery of vitamin E?
[영영] Penicillin is a drug that kills bacteria and is used to treat infections.
[영한] ⒨ 페니실린
[활용] [U]
[어원] Penicillium notatum(Latin)
permission [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 3261] [★★] [레마] permit←mise
[본문] [34]Henrietta's role in eradicating this terrible disease is all the more remarkable as she was never asked permission to use her cells for research, and it's taken decades for the Lacks family to win their grandmother the recognition she deserves.
[영영] If someone who has authority over you gives you permission to do something, they say that they will allow you to do it.
[영한] ⒨ ① 허락, 허가 ② (문서로 된) 승인[허락/허가]
[활용] 복수형; permissions
[파생] permission, permissive, permissive, permit, permitter
[어근] ⑴ per; 통하다(through) ⑵ miss(mit); 보내다 ⑶ ion(ation); 명사 어미
polio [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] polio
[본문] [12]Named 'HeLa cells' after her initials, Henrietta Lacks' tissue helped make possible all sorts of medical breakthroughs, from the polio vaccine to cancer drugs, to HIV and IVF treatments.
[영영] Polio is a serious infectious disease which often makes people unable to use their legs.
[영한] ⒨ (척수성) 소아마비
[활용] [U]
[어근] polio; 회색의, gray, grey
pregnant [형용사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2652] [★★] [레마] pregnant←nature
[본문] [26]Doctors used Henrietta's cells to figure out - or understand, how cells reproduce and divide - knowledge that was vital in developing in vitro fertilization, or IVF, a technique for women who cannot become pregnant naturally, in which an egg is fertilized outside the body.
[영영] If a woman or female animal is pregnant, she has a baby or babies developing in her body.
[영한] ⒨ ① (여성/동물 암컷이) 임신[수태]한 ② (어떤 특질/느낌으로) 그득한
[첫뜻] ① with child, impregnated, that has conceived in the womb, ② convincing, weighty, pithy, full of meaning
[파생] pregnancy, pregnantly, pregnant
[어근] ⑴ pre; 앞(先), before ⑵ gn(nati); 생식, 출생. born ⑶ ant; …인, …한, …하는 사람[것]
receptor [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] receive←caption
[본문] [25][…] Scientists worked that out very quickly using her cells… they figured out what the receptor looks like and they did the same thing with HIV… so her cells are just this incredible workhorse that is at the base of so much science.
[영영] Receptors are nerve endings in your body which react to changes and stimuli and make your body respond in a particular way.
[영한] ⒨ ① 감각기관, 감수기(感受器), [생물] (세포의) 감각 접수체 ② 수화기, 수신기
[어근] ⑴ re; back ⑵ cept(capt); 쥐다, take ⑶ or; 명사 어미
recognition [명사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 2463] [★★] [레마] recognize←cognize
[본문] [34]Henrietta's role in eradicating this terrible disease is all the more remarkable as she was never asked permission to use her cells for research, and it's taken decades for the Lacks family to win their grandmother the recognition she deserves.
[영영] Recognition is the act of recognizing someone or identifying something when you see it.
[영한] ⒨ ① 알아봄, 인식 ② (존재/사실/공식성의) 인정[승인] ③ (공로 등에 대한) 인정, 표창
[첫뜻] knowledge of an event or incident; understanding,
[활용] [U]
[파생] recognisability, recognisable, recognisably, recogniser, recognition, recognitional, recognitive, recognitory, recognizability, recognizable, recognizably, recognizant, recognize, recognizer, recognise
[어근] ⑴ re; 다시, again, 반대로 ⑵ cognit(cogn); 알다, learn ⑶ ion(ation); 명사 어미
remarkable [형용사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 2731] [★★] [레마] remark←mark
[본문] [21]Now, it was Henrietta's biography by science writer, Rebecca Skloot, that brought her remarkable story to the world's attention a decade ago.
[영영] Someone or something that is remarkable is unusual or special in a way that makes people notice them and be surprised or impressed.
[영한] ⒨ 놀랄 만한, 놀라운, 주목할 만한
[파생] remarkability, remarkable, remarkableness, remarkably, remarker, remark
[유의어] astonishing, wonderful, tremendous
[반의어] unremarkable
<명사> 주목해야 할 것[사건]. ??bil/i/ty, remarkable/ness 명사
[어근] ⑴ re; 다시 ⑵ mark; sign, landmark ⑶ able; 접미사
reproduce [동사] [Oxf5] [R; 5001+] [★★] [레마] reproduce←duct
[본문] [26]Doctors used Henrietta's cells to figure out - or understand, how cells reproduce and divide - knowledge that was vital in developing in vitro fertilization, or IVF, a technique for women who cannot become pregnant naturally, in which an egg is fertilized outside the body.
[영영] If you try to reproduce something, you try to copy it.
[영한] ⒨ ① (그림/글의 내용 등을) 복사[복제]하다 ② 다시 만들어 내다, 재생[재현]하다 ③ 번식하다
[활용] reproduced, reproduced, reproducing, reproduces
[파생] reproduce, reproducer, reproducibility, reproducible, reproducibly, reproduction, reproductive, reproductive, reproductively, reproductiveness
[어근] ⑴ re; 다시 ⑵ pro; 앞(before), 찬성 ⑶ duce(duc); 인도하다
scourge [명사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] scourge
[본문] [32]Henrietta would have particularly liked the announcement this year that polio vaccine had led to the eradication of polio in Africa - so the centenary of her birth it seems rather symbolic that her unwitting contribution to medicine eventually eradicated that scourge of mankind.
[영영] A scourge is something that causes a lot of trouble or suffering to a group of people.
[영한] ⒨ ① 재앙, 골칫거리 ② (과거 사람들을 벌할 때 쓰던) 채찍[매]
[첫뜻] a whip, lash
[활용] 복수형; scourges
[파생] scourger, scourge
<동사> ① (문예체) 괴롭히다, 고통을 안겨 주다 ② (옛글투) 채찍[매]으로 때리다
[어원] excorrigiare(Latin), ex+corrigia; a whip, lash(ex+corrigia의 합성어; 채찍, 채찍질[가죽 끈])
similarity [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 4709] [★] [레마] simile
[본문] [7]Well, that's true… but another similarity is their amazing contributions - to art and science - were only recognised after their death.
[영영] If there is a similarity between two or more things, they are similar to each other.
[영한] ⒨ ① 유사성, 닮음 ② 유사점, 닮은 점
[활용] 복수형; similarities
[파생] similar, similarity, similarly, similitude
[유의어] resemblance
[반의어] difference, dissimilarity
[어근] ⑴ simil; like, resembling ⑵ ar; 형용사어미 ⑶ ity; 명사 어미
sir [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2126] [★★] [레마] senior
[본문] [31]Here's professor of genetics, sir John Burn, talking to BBC World Service's, The Forum:
[영영] You use the expression Dear sir at the beginning of a formal letter or a business letter when you are writing to a man. You use Dear sirs when you are writing to an organization.
[영한] ⒨ ① (상점/식당 등에서 이름을 모르는 남자에 대한 경칭으로 씀) ② (격식을 갖춘 상업 편지에서 담당자(들) 이름을 모를 때 쓰는 서두) ③ 경(卿) (영국에서 나이트(knight)나 준남작(baronet)의 작위를 가진 남성의 이름 앞에 붙임) ④ 선생님(학교에서 아이들이 남자 선생님에 대해 쓰는 경칭)
[활용] 복수형; Sirs
[어근] sir(sen); 늙은, old
slave [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2751] [★★] [레마] Slav
[본문] [13]Born one hundred years ago, in 1920, the great-great-granddaughter of slaves, Henrietta and her cells continue to provide medical discoveries to this day…
[영영] A slave is someone who is the property of another person and has to work for that person.
[영한] ⒨ ① 노예 ② 노예(나 다름없는 사람) ③ 종속 장치
[첫뜻] person who is the chattel or property of another
[활용] 복수형; slaves
[파생] slavelike, slavery, slavish, slave
<동사> 노예처럼[고되게] 일하다
[어근] slave(slav); 슬라브 사람, Slav
symbolic [형용사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 4199] [★★] [레마] symbol
[본문] [32]Henrietta would have particularly liked the announcement this year that polio vaccine had led to the eradication of polio in Africa - so the centenary of her birth it seems rather symbolic that her unwitting contribution to medicine eventually eradicated that scourge of mankind.
[영영] If you describe an event, action, or procedure as symbolic, you mean that it represents an important change, although it has little practical effect.
[영한] ⒨ 상징적인, 상징하는
[파생] symbol, symbolic, symbolic, symbolically, symbolicalness, symbolisation, symbolization, symbolize, symbolizer
[어근] ⑴ sym(syn); with ⑵ bol; throw ⑶ ic; 형용사어미
tissue [명사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 2711] [★★] [레마] tissue
[본문] [11]Although she never consented to her tissues being used for medical research, doctors at the time found her cells to have an extraordinary ability to replace themselves endlessly.
[영영] In animals and plants, tissue consists of cells that are similar to each other in appearance and that have the same function.
[영한] ⒨ ① (세포들로 이뤄진) 조직 ② 화장지 ③ 박엽지, (깨지기 쉬운 물건 포장용) 얇은 종이
[첫뜻] band or belt of rich material,
[활용] 복수형; tissues
[파생] tissuey, tissue
<동사> ① (화장/세안 크림 등을) 화장지로 닦아내다 ② 얇은 직물에 짜넣다
[어근] tissue(tex); 짜다
unknowing [형용사] [R; 5001+] [레마] know
[본문] [46]A scourge means something that causes much pain and suffering, like the terrible diseases which Henrietta's unwitting, or unknowing, contribution helped eradicate.
[영영] If you describe a person as unknowing, you mean that they are not aware of what is happening or of what they are doing.
[영한] ⒨ 자신도 모르는[알아채지 못하는]
[파생] unknowingly, unknowingness, unknowing
[어근] ⑴ know; 알다, know ⑵ ing; 형용사 어미
unrecognised [형용사] [R; 5001+] [레마] recognize←cognize
[본문] [8]I know another person whose huge contribution to science went unrecognised during her lifetime, Rob, but unlike Van Gogh or Galileo, you probably haven't heard of her.
[영영] If someone does something unrecognized, nobody knows or recognizes them while they do it.
[영한] ⒨ ① 의식[자각]되지 못하는 ② (사람이) 인정받지 못하는
[어근] ⑴ un; 아님(不, 無), not ⑵ re; again ⑶ cogn; learn ⑷ is(ize); 동사어미 ⑸ ed; 형용사 어미
[BRIT][AM→unrecognized]
unwitting [형용사] [R; 5001+] [레마] wit
[본문] [32]Henrietta would have particularly liked the announcement this year that polio vaccine had led to the eradication of polio in Africa - so the centenary of her birth it seems rather symbolic that her unwitting contribution to medicine eventually eradicated that scourge of mankind.
[영영] If you describe a person or their actions as unwitting, you mean that the person does something or is involved in something without realizing it.
[영한] ⒨ 자신도 모르는
[파생] unwittingly, unwittingness, unwitting
[어근] ⑴ un; 아님(不, 無), not ⑵ witt(wit); 재치, wit ⑶ ing; ~하는 것(의)
upbeat [형용사] [R; 5001+] [레마] beat
[본문] [48]We hope this upbeat programme has been just what the doctor ordered.
[영영] If people or their opinions are upbeat, they are cheerful and hopeful about a situation.
[영한] ⒨ 긍정적인, 낙관적인
[유의어] optimistic
[반의어] downbeat
<명사> ① (음악) 상박(上拍), 약박(弱拍) ② (지휘자가 상박을 지시하는) 지휘봉의 상향 동작 ③ (경기의) 상승 기조, 번영, 호경기
[구성단어] up + beat
vaccine [명사] [Rank; 4212] [★★] [레마] vaccine
[본문] [36]And with the eyes of the world now focused on vaccines for the coronavirus, this year is a symbolic time to celebrate her centenary - the one hundredth anniversary of an important event.
[영영] A vaccine is a substance containing a harmless form of the germs that cause a particular disease. It is given to people, usually by injection, to prevent them getting that disease.
[영한] ⒨ (예방) 백신
[첫뜻] matter used in vaccination
[활용] 복수형; vaccines
[파생] vaccinate, vaccine
<형용사> 우두의, 백신의
[어근] ⑴ vacc; 암소 ⑵ ine; …성질의
vital [형용사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2939] [★★] [레마] vital
[본문] [26]Doctors used Henrietta's cells to figure out - or understand, how cells reproduce and divide - knowledge that was vital in developing in vitro fertilization, or IVF, a technique for women who cannot become pregnant naturally, in which an egg is fertilized outside the body.
[영영] If you say that something is vital, you mean that it is necessary or very important.
[영한] ⒨ ① 필수적인 ② 생명 유지와 관련된, 생명 유지에 필수적인 ③ (사람이) 활력이 넘치는
[첫뜻] of or manifesting life
[파생] vitality, vitalize, vitally, vitalness, vital
[유의어] dynamic(활력이 넘치다), dynamic, essential(필수적이다), key(핵심적이다)
<명사> 생명의 유지에 절대 필요한 기관 , 중추부(中樞部), 핵심
[어근] ⑴ vit; 삶, life ⑵ al; 접두어
vitro [형용사] [R; 5001+] [레마] vitro
[본문] [24]In vitro fertilization - that started with the ability to grow embryos in culture which you can do in part thanks to her cells so the list just goes on and on, and right now people are often asking how are HeLa cells helping with Covid.
[영한] ⒨ (라틴어에서, 생물) (어떤 과정이) 체외[시험관]에서 진행되는
[유의어] in vitro(체외에서 진행되다)
<명사> 유리잔, 시험관
[어근] vitro(vitr); 유리, glass
workhorse [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] horse
[본문] [25][…] Scientists worked that out very quickly using her cells… they figured out what the receptor looks like and they did the same thing with HIV… so her cells are just this incredible workhorse that is at the base of so much science.
[영영] A workhorse is a horse which is used to do a job, for example to pull a plough.
[영한] ⒨ ① 열심히 일하는 사람[기계] ② (승마용/경마용에 대하여) 짐말, 일말, 사역마.
[구성단어] work + horse
새내기할배의 [영어단어공부]자료를 처음 보시는 분은 <다음> 링크를 클릭하셔서 BBC Learning English 6 Minute English [공부법]을 먼저 보시기 바랍니다
https://softca.blog.me/221610250801
