It's becoming increasingly important for public figures to apologise after making a mistake. Neil and Beth discuss different ways to say sorry and teach you some useful vocabulary.
공인(公人)들이 실수를 한 후에 사과하는 것이 점점 더 중요해 지고 중입니다. 닐과 베스가 'sorry'를 말하는 각각 다른 방법을 논의합니다. 그리고 당신에게 몇몇 유용한 어휘를 가르칩니다.
이것은 이번 주제의 주요 내용입니다. 영어 단어를 공부할 때 스토리와 함께 공부하면 크게 도움이 됩니다. 다음은 이번 주에 수록된 주요 단어 목록들입니다.
analyse verb ★★★[2986] [레마] analyse 〈 lyse
[본문] [28]Here, Professor Louise Mullany, analyses the apology for BBC Radio 4 programme, Word of Mouth:
[영영] If you analyse something, you consider it carefully or use statistical methods in order to fully understand it.
[영한] ① 분석하다 ② [타동사][VN] 상호참조 psychoanalyse
[굴절형] analysed, analysed, analysing, analyses
[유의어] explore
[어근] ⑴ ana; 위, up, again ⑵ ly(lyse); 용해, 분해, loosen ⑶ se(ize); 동사 어미
[BRIT] 미국영어 ☞ analyze
[어원] 《라틴어 analysis》
[파생] analysable, analysation, analyser, analyzable, analyzation, analyzer, analyse
apology noun ★★[4285] [레마] apology 〈 log
[본문] [22]And I was really interested in looking at how people apologise, particularly public figures so I did a lot of research in the workplace and looking at the media, and looking at politicians in particular, and one of the things that really interested me at the time was a lot of writers were talking about us entering an age of an apology, and there's a real sense that public figures in particular are called upon to apologise for multiple different things, and if they don't apologise then that's a big faux pas.
[영영] An apology is something that you say or write in order to tell someone that you are sorry that you have hurt them or caused trouble for them.
[영한] ① 사과 ② (회의에 불참하거나 거기서 일찍 자리를 떠야 할 경우에 하는) 양해를 구하는 말
[굴절형] 복수형; apologies
[어근] ⑴ apo; off, from, away ⑵ logy(log); 말, word, 학문
[최초 의미] defense, justification
[파생] apologetic, apologiser, apologize, apologizer, apology
champion noun ★★★★[1853] [레마] champ 〈 camp
[본문] [9]Saying sorry for something you've done in English can be quite confusing, and to make things worse, the British are world champions at apologising.
[영영] A champion is someone who has won the first prize in a competition, contest, or fight.
[영한] ① 챔피언, 선수권 대회 우승자, 선수권 보유자 ② (집단신념을 위해 싸우는) 투사[전사], 옹호자[대변자]
[굴절형] 복수형; champions
[유의어] promoter, protagonist
<동사> …을 위해 싸우다, …을 옹호하다
[어근] ⑴ champ(camp); field ⑵ ion; 명사어미
[어원] 《중세 영어 chammen》 [imitative] to bite, gnash the teeth
confuse verb ★★★[2212] [레마] confuse 〈 fuse(붓다)
[본문] [9]Saying sorry for something you've done in English can be quite confusing, and to make things worse, the British are world champions at apologising.
[영영] If you confuse two things, you get them mixed up, so that you think one of them is the other one.
[영한] ① (사람을) 혼란시키다 ② A와 B를 혼동하다 ③ (주제를) 혼란스럽게 만들다
[굴절형] confused, confused, confusing, confuses
[유의어] mix up(혼동하다)
[어근] ⑴ con(com); together ⑵ fuse(fus); 붓다, 녹이다, pour
[어원] 《라틴어 confundere》 com+fundere; to confuse, jumble together, bring into disorder; disconcert, perple
[최초 의미] mix or mingle things or ideas so as to render the elements indistinguishable
[파생] confusability, confusable, confusion, confuse
fault noun ★★★★[1646] [레마] fault 〈 fail(헛디디다)
[본문] [7]If you step on my toes by mistake, and say, "I'm so sorry", you mean: oops that was my fault and I didn't mean to do it.
[영영] If a bad or undesirable situation is your fault, you caused it or are responsible for it.
[영한] ① 잘못, 책임 ② 단점, 결점 ③ 결함, 흠, 고장 ④ 폴트, 서브 실수 ⑤ 단층
[굴절형] 복수형; faults
[유의어] defect, shortcoming, flaw
<동사> 나무라다, 흠잡다
[어근] fault(fall); 거짓, false, 속이다
[어원] 《라틴어 fallita》 [from Latin falsus ] a shortcoming, falling
[최초 의미] deficiency
[파생] fault, faultily, faultiness, faulty
faux adj.[10000+] [레마] faux
[본문] [22]And I was really interested in looking at how people apologise, particularly public figures so I did a lot of research in the workplace and looking at the media, and looking at politicians in particular, and one of the things that really interested me at the time was a lot of writers were talking about us entering an age of an apology, and there's a real sense that public figures in particular are called upon to apologise for multiple different things, and if they don't apologise then that's a big faux pas.
[영영] ① made in imitation; artificial
② not genuine; fake or false
[영한] 모조의, 가짜의
[어원] 《프랑스말 faux》 false
ill adj. ★★★★[1895] [레마] ill
[본문] [6]If you tell me you're ill, and I say, "Oh, I'm sorry", that means: I sympathise, and I hope you get better soon.
[영영] ① Someone who is ill is suffering from a disease or a health problem.
② You can use ill in front of some nouns to indicate that you are referring to something harmful or unpleasant.
[영한] ① [대개 명사 앞에는 안 씀] 아픈, 병 든, 몸[기분]이 안 좋은 ② 나쁜, 유해한 ③ 불길한
[굴절형] 비교; ill < worse < worst
<명사> ① 문제, 해악, 병 ② (문예체) 해, 불운 <부사> ① 나쁘게, 불쾌하게 ② 잘못하여, 제대로 하지 않고 ③ 어렵게, 간신히
[어근] ill; 아픈, 병, ill
[어원] 《고대 노르웨이말 illr》 evil, bad; hard, difficult; mean, stingy
[최초 의미] morally evil; offensive, objectionable
[파생] illness, ill
illegal adj. ★★★★[1900] [레마] illegal 〈 leg(법)
[본문] [45]A fine is a sum of money paid as a punishment for doing something illegal or breaking a rule.
[영영] If something is illegal, the law says that it is not allowed.
[영한] 불법적인
[반의어] legal(불법적이다), legal(합법적이다)
<명사> (외국인) 불법 체류자[노동자]
[어근] ⑴ il(in); not ⑵ leg; 법률 ⑶ al; …한 (성질의), 형용사어미
[어원] 《라틴어 lex》 [소유격은 legis, legere 연관어] 법; 법률 제정; 계율, 규정, 원칙, 규칙; 법의 공식적 발의; (법률) 발의; 청구서; 계약서
limited adj. ★★★★[1753] [레마] limit
[본문] [31]His apology contained a caveat - a warning that what he said was limited, or not completely true.
[영한] ① 제한된, 아주 많지는 않은 ② (시간/수 등이) 한정된
[구성단어] limit + ed
[어근] ⑴ limit; limes, 경계 ⑵ ed; 형용사 어미
[어원] 《라틴어 limitare》 경계를 이루다, 제한하다, 고정시키다
[파생] limitedly, limitedness, limited
lockdown noun[8536] [레마] lock
[본문] [27]A good example of this is the apology Boris Johnson made to the House of Commons during the 'Partygate' scandal in the UK when he broke COVID lockdown rules and had to pay a fine - a sum of money paid as a punishment for breaking the rules.
[영영] a security measure in which those inside a building such as a prison, school, or hospital are required to remain confined in it for a time
[영한] ① (움직임/행동에 대한) 제재 ② (죄수의 감방 내에서의) 엄중한 감금
[굴절형] 복수형; lockdowns
[구성단어] lock + down
[어근] ⑴ lock; 잠그다, lock ⑵ down; 아래로, down
[어원] 《고대 영어 locc》 lock of hair, curl
multiple adj. ★★★★[1970] [레마] multiple 〈 plic(접다)
[본문] [22]And I was really interested in looking at how people apologise, particularly public figures so I did a lot of research in the workplace and looking at the media, and looking at politicians in particular, and one of the things that really interested me at the time was a lot of writers were talking about us entering an age of an apology, and there's a real sense that public figures in particular are called upon to apologise for multiple different things, and if they don't apologise then that's a big faux pas.
[영영] You use multiple to describe things that consist of many parts, involve many people, or have many uses.
[영한] 많은, 다수[복수]의, 다양한, 복합적인
<명사> ① (수학) 배수 ② (?multiple ?store 英 모두 사용) 상호참조 chain store
[어근] ⑴ multi; many, much ⑵ ple(plic); 접은, fold
[최초 의미] involving many parts or relations; consisting of more than one complete individual
[파생] multipliable, multiplicable, multiplication, multiplicative, multiplicity, multiply, multiple
offence noun ★★★[2607] [레마] offend 〈 fend(치다)
[본문] [24]When politicians make mistakes they are expected to apologise, and failing to say sorry is a faux pas - a remark made in a social situation that causes embarrassment or offence.
[영영] An offence is a crime that breaks a particular law and requires a particular punishment.
[영한] ① 위법[범법] 행위, 범죄 ② 화나게 [불쾌하게]하는 행위, 모욕
[굴절형] 복수형; offences
[유의어] crime(범죄), wrongdoing(부정행위)
[어근] ⑴ of(ob); 반대, to ⑵ fence(fend); 치다, strike
[BRIT] 미국영어 ☞ offense
[어원] 《라틴어 offendere》 [ob+fendere] to hit, thrust, or strike against; to stumble, commit a fault, displease, trespass against, provoke
[파생] offence, offenceless, offend, offender, offending, offense, offenseless, offensive, offensively, offensiveness
opposite adj. ★★★★[1205] [레마] oppose 〈 pose
[본문] [8]And if you don't really feel sorry, you might be sarcastic, "Oh, I'm soooo sorry!" meaning exactly the opposite - that you're not sorry at all.
[영영] The opposite side or part of something is the side or part that is furthest away from you.
[영한] ① (보통 마주 보고 있는 둘 중) 다른 편[쪽]의[건너편의] ② … 맞은편의 ③ (정)반대의
[유의어] contrary(정반대되다)
<명사> 반대(되는 사람/것), 반의어 <부사> 정반대의 위치에, 맞은편에 <전치사> ① 건너편[맞은편]에 ② (연극/영화에서) … 상대역으로
[어근] ⑴ op(ob); against ⑵ pos(pose); 두다, 놓다, put ⑶ ite; 명사어미
[어원] 《라틴어 opponere》 ob+ponere; set against
[파생] oppose, opposer, opposing, opposingly, opposite, oppositely, oppositeness, opposition, oppositional, oppositionist, oppositionless, oppositive, opponent
opposite noun ★★★★[1205] [레마] oppose 〈 pose
[본문] [42]Right, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned from this programme about saying sorry, starting with sarcastic, doing or saying the opposite of what you really mean, for example saying 'I'm reeeally sorry!', when you aren't.
[영영] The opposite of someone or something is the person or thing that is most different from them.
[영한] 반대(되는 사람/것), 반의어
[굴절형] 복수형; opposites
<형용사> ① (보통 마주 보고 있는 둘 중) 다른 편[쪽]의[건너편의] ② … 맞은편의 ③ (정)반대의 <부사> 정반대의 위치에, 맞은편에 <전치사> ① 건너편[맞은편]에 ② (연극/영화에서) … 상대역으로
[어근] ⑴ op(ob); against ⑵ pos(pose); 두다, 놓다, put ⑶ ite; 명사어미
[어원] 《라틴어 opponere》 ob+ponere; set against
[파생] oppose, opposer, opposing, opposingly, opposite, oppositely, oppositeness, opposition, oppositional, oppositionist, oppositionless, oppositive, opponent
pas noun[10000+] [레마] pas
[본문] [22]And I was really interested in looking at how people apologise, particularly public figures so I did a lot of research in the workplace and looking at the media, and looking at politicians in particular, and one of the things that really interested me at the time was a lot of writers were talking about us entering an age of an apology, and there's a real sense that public figures in particular are called upon to apologise for multiple different things, and if they don't apologise then that's a big faux pas.
[영한] ① 무도[발레]의 스텝, 무도 ② 우선권, 상좌, 상석
[어근] pas(pac); 걸음(산보), pass
[어원] 《라틴어 passus》 발걸음, 보폭[속도]
[최초 의미] a step in dancing,
punishment noun ★★★[2192] [레마] punish 〈 poena
[본문] [27]A good example of this is the apology Boris Johnson made to the House of Commons during the 'Partygate' scandal in the UK when he broke COVID lockdown rules and had to pay a fine - a sum of money paid as a punishment for breaking the rules.
[영영] Punishment is the act of punishing someone or of being punished.
[영한] ① 벌, 처벌, 형벌 ② 심한 대접[취급]
[굴절형] 복수형; punishments
[어근] ⑴ pun(poena); 징벌, punish ⑵ ish; …의, …에 속하는, …다운 ⑶ ment; 명사 어미
[어원] 《라틴어 punire》 [from poena] punish
[최초 의미] the assessing or inflicting of pain, suffering, loss, confinement, etc. on a person for a crime or offense,
[파생] punish, punisher, punishing, punishingly, punishment
realise verb ★★★[2355] [레마] realize 〈 real(실제의)
[본문] [29]It's very unusual in a political apology because he comes out and says, 'I am responsible', but there is the caveat that he wasn't certain that he was breaking the rules, he didn't realise which he continues to say in his apology that came out after the fine, so he repeats the apology, and he caveats it around other political events... and he uses humility when he was in the House the day after he paid his fine, and was very quick to say, 'I've paid the fine, I've given the reparation, I've paid the money, let's draw a line under the whole business now'.
[영한] ① 깨닫다, 알아차리다, 인식[자각]하다 ② (목표 등을) 실현[달성]하다 ③ (수동형으로 쓰여) (우려 등이) 현실이 되다[실제로 발생하다] ④ (자산을) 실현하다[현금화하다] ⑤ (상품 등이) (특정한 금액에) 팔리다 ⑥ (글로 된 정보/지시 등에 기반하여 음향/연극/디자인 등을) 실현하다[만들어 내다]
[굴절형] realised, realised, realising, realises
[유의어] make, convert
[구성단어] real + ize
[어근] ⑴ real; 사실, real ⑵ ise(ize); 동사 어미
[BRIT] 미국영어 ☞ realize
[어원] 《라틴어 realis》 실제의, 사물 그 자체인
[파생] real, realisable, realisably, realisation, realiser, reality, realizable, realizably, realization, realize, realizer, really, realness, realise
remark noun ★★★[3011] [레마] remark 〈 mark
[본문] [24]When politicians make mistakes they are expected to apologise, and failing to say sorry is a faux pas - a remark made in a social situation that causes embarrassment or offence.
[영영] If you make a remark about something, you say something about it.
[영한] ① (말이나 글로 의견생각 등을 표하는) 발언[말/논평/언급] ② 주목
[굴절형] 복수형; remarks
[유의어] note(말), comment(언급), observation
<동사> (말이나 글로 의견생각 등을) 언급[말/논평/발언]하다
[어근] ⑴ re; 다시 ⑵ mark; 표시, 부호, mark
[어원] 《고대 영어 mearc》 경계, 한계, 표식, 경계표
[최초 의미] ct of noticing; fact of being worthy of comment,
[파생] remarkability, remarkable, remarkableness, remarkably, remarker, remark
scandal noun ★★★[2825] [레마] scandal
[본문] [27]A good example of this is the apology Boris Johnson made to the House of Commons during the 'Partygate' scandal in the UK when he broke COVID lockdown rules and had to pay a fine - a sum of money paid as a punishment for breaking the rules.
[영영] A scandal is a situation or event that is thought to be shocking and immoral and that everyone knows about.
[영한] ① 스캔들 ② 추문 ③ 수치, 남부끄러운 일
[굴절형] 복수형; scandals
[유의어] disgrace
[어근] scandal; scandal
[어원] 《그리스어 skandalon》 a trap or snare laid for an enemy
[최초 의미] discredit caused by irreligious conduct,
[파생] scandalize, scandalous, scandalously, scandalousness, scandal
socially adv. ★★★[2728] [레마] social 〈 soci
[본문] [44]A faux pas is a socially embarrassing remark or action.
[영한] ① 사회적으로 ② 사교상, 사교적으로 ③ 허물없이, 터놓고
[구성단어] social + ly
[어근] ⑴ soci; companion, ally ⑵ al; 접미사 ⑶ ly; 부사어미
[어원] 《라틴어 sociare》 연합하다, 합류하다
[파생] social, sociality, socially, socialness, society
sociolinguistics noun[10000+] [레마] linguist 〈 lingua
[본문] [21]Now a professor of sociolinguistics, Louise spoke with BBC Radio 4 programme, Word of Mouth:
[영한] 사회 언어학
[구성단어] socio + linguistics
[어근] ⑴ socio(soci); 교제, 집단, 사회 ⑵ lingu; 혀, 언어, tongue ⑶ istic; 형용사 어미 ⑷ s; …학(學), …활동
[어원] 《라틴어 lingua》 [어원은 Old Latin dingua] 언어, 혀
sum noun ★★★[3080] [레마] sum
[본문] [27]A good example of this is the apology Boris Johnson made to the House of Commons during the 'Partygate' scandal in the UK when he broke COVID lockdown rules and had to pay a fine - a sum of money paid as a punishment for breaking the rules.
[영영] A sum of money is an amount of money.
[영한] ① 액수 ② 합, 합계, 총계 ③ 총합, 전부 ④ (간단한) 계산, 산수
[굴절형] 복수형; Sums sumy
[유의어] amount(총계)
<동사> ① 총계[합계]하다 ② …의 개요를 말하다, 요약하다, 개괄하다 ③ (사람/사태의) 대세를 판단하다, 재빨리 이해[판단, 평가]하다
[어근] sum; 합계, sum
[어원] 《라틴어 summa》 [feminine of summus] whole, totality, gist, sum total
[최초 의미] quantity or amount of money
[파생] sumless, summation, sum
toe noun ★★★[2682] [레마] toe
[본문] [7]If you step on my toes by mistake, and say, "I'm so sorry", you mean: oops that was my fault and I didn't mean to do it.
[영한] ① 발가락 ② (양말신발 등의) 발가락 부분 ③ -toed [형용사에서] 발가락이 …한[…개인] 참조 pigeon-toed
[굴절형] 복수형; toes
<동사> ① 발끝을 대다, 발끝으로 차다[밟다] ② (신발/양말 등에) 새 앞부리를 대다, 앞부리를 수선하다 ③ (골프) (공을) 골프채 끝으로 치다
[어근] toe; 발가락, toe
[어원] 《고대 영어 ta》 [contraction of *tahe (Mercian tahæ)] toe
[최초 의미] toe
[파생] toelike, toe
trust verb ★★★★[1095] [레마] trust 〈 true
[본문] [32]Eventually, Boris Johnson did apologise, but many people didn't trust him and he couldn't draw a line under the 'Partygate' scandal.
[영영] If you trust someone, you believe that they are honest and sincere and will not deliberately do anything to harm you.
[영한] ① (사람을) 신뢰하다[신임하다/믿다] ② (무엇이 사실임옳음을) 믿다 ③ (어떤 기대바람이 사실이라고) 믿다
[굴절형] trusted, trusted, trusting, trusts
<명사> ① 신뢰, 신임 ② 신탁, 신탁 재산, 신탁금 ③ 위탁 사업체
[어근] trust(true); 참[진실], true
[어원] 《고대 노르웨이말 traust》 도움[지원], 신뢰[자신감], 보호, 지원
[파생] trust, trustability, trustable, truster, trustful, trustworthily, trustworthiness, trustworthy, trusty
twenty num. ★★★★[1374] [레마] twenty 〈 two
[본문] [14]In fact a recent survey found that some Brits apologise up to twenty times a day.
[영한] ① 스물,이십,20 ② (20~29 사이의) 20대, 20년대, (온도가) 20도대
[굴절형] 복수형; twenties
[어근] ⑴ twen(two); two ⑵ ty; 10의 배수
[어원] 《고대 영어 twentig》 [twegen+-tig] group of twenty, (lit, ) two tens
unusual adj. ★★★★[1154] [레마] use
[본문] [29]It's very unusual in a political apology because he comes out and says, 'I am responsible', but there is the caveat that he wasn't certain that he was breaking the rules, he didn't realise which he continues to say in his apology that came out after the fine, so he repeats the apology, and he caveats it around other political events... and he uses humility when he was in the House the day after he paid his fine, and was very quick to say, 'I've paid the fine, I've given the reparation, I've paid the money, let's draw a line under the whole business now'.
[영영] If something is unusual, it does not happen very often or you do not see it or hear it very often.
[영한] ① 특이한, 흔치 않은, 드문 ② 색다른
[유의어] uncommon(특이하다)
[구성단어] un + usual
[어근] ⑴ un; 아님(不, 無), not ⑵ usu(use); 사용, use ⑶ al; 형용사 어미
[어원] 《라틴어 usare》 (자꾸) 쓰다
[파생] unusually, unusualness, unusual
usual adj. ★★★★[1192] [레마] use
[본문] [10]In this programme we'll discuss ways of saying sorry, and as usual we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary as well.
[영영] Usual is used to describe what happens or what is done most often in a particular situation.
[영한] ① 하는[있는], 평상시의, 보통의 ② 늘 있는 일, 늘 마시는 것[술]
[유의어] normal
<명사> 여느 때의 건강 상태
[어근] ⑴ us(use); 사용, use ⑵ ual(al); 형용사 어미
[어원] 《라틴어 usare》 (자꾸) 쓰다
[파생] usually, usualness, usual
warning noun ★★★★[1856] [레마] warn
[본문] [31]His apology contained a caveat - a warning that what he said was limited, or not completely true.
[영한] ① 경고(문), 주의 ② (징계 처분한다는) 경고, 계고
[굴절형] 복수형; warnings
[유의어] caution
<형용사> 경고의, 경계의, 훈계의, [동물] 경계색의
[구성단어] warn + ing
[어근] ⑴ warn; 경고, warn ⑵ ing; 현재분사 어미
[어원] 《고대 영어 warnian》 to give notice of impending danger, (also intransitive) to take heed
[파생] warningly, warning
workplace noun ★★★[2247] [레마] place
[본문] [22]And I was really interested in looking at how people apologise, particularly public figures so I did a lot of research in the workplace and looking at the media, and looking at politicians in particular, and one of the things that really interested me at the time was a lot of writers were talking about us entering an age of an apology, and there's a real sense that public figures in particular are called upon to apologise for multiple different things, and if they don't apologise then that's a big faux pas.
[영영] Your workplace is the place where you work.
[영한] workplace) 직장, 업무 현장
[굴절형] 복수형; workplaces
[구성단어] work + place
[어원] 《그리스어 plateia》 broad (way)
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https://softca.tistory.com/4?category=827780
본 글은 Word Frequency 기준 1800순위 이하를 제외한 단어만을 수록하고 있습니다.
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6 Minute English는 BBC Learning English 사이트에서 매주 출간하는 무료 영어 교육 콘텐츠이며 오디오 파일과 대본(Script) 파일을 제공합니다. 
