6 Minute English 영어단어공부 - Do trees have memories? [BBC Learning English 강좌]

Can plants 'remember' stressful situations, such as droughts or pests? And if so, does it make them stronger and better able to fight disease? Sam and Neil discuss the topic and teach you related vocabulary.

식물이 가뭄이나 해충과 같은 스트레스가 많은 상황을 '기억'할 수 있습니까? 그리고 만약 그렇다면, 그것이 그것들을 더욱 강하게 그리고 질병에 보다 잘 싸울 수 있게 만듭니까? 샘과 닐이 그 주제를 논의합니다 그리고 당신에게 관련된 어휘를 가르칩니다.

 

이것은 이번 주제의 주요 내용입니다. 영어 단어를 공부할 때 스토리와 함께 공부하면 크게 도움이 됩니다. 다음은 이번 주에 수록된 주요 단어 목록들입니다.

 

 

 

 

adapt [동사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2954] [★★] [레마] adapt < apt(붙이다)
[본문] [47]Our hypothesis would be that, depending on the level of that stress - if it was a really long-lasting drought of a few years, then maybe the tree can remember it for a long time because it needs to adapt to that hostile environment.
[영영] If you adapt to a new situation or adapt yourself to it, you change your ideas or behaviour in order to deal with it successfully.
[영한] ⒨ ① (새로운 용도/상황에) 맞추다[조정하다] ② (상황에) 적응하다 ③ (연극/영화/텔레비전 극으로) 개작하다[각색하다]
[첫뜻] to fit (something, for some purpose)
[활용] adapted, adapted, adapting, adapts
[파생] adapt, adaptability, adaptable, adaptableness, adaptably, adaptation, adaptational, adaptationally, adaptive
[유의어] adjust, modify, adjust(적응하다)
[어근] ⑴ ad; 향하여, 첨가 ⑵ apt; 적당히, fit

biochemical [형용사] [R; 5001+] [레마] chemical < chem(연금술의)
[본문] [30]Firstly, they sit at the bottom of the food chain so there are a lot of opportunistic organisms out there, including insect herbivores and microbial pathogens who want to tap into that biochemical energy that is stored in plants.
[영영] Biochemical changes, reactions, and mechanisms relate to the chemical processes that happen in living things.
[영한] ⒨ 생화학의, 생화학적인. (또는 biochemic)
[어근] ⑴ bio; 생명, life ⑵ chem; 화학, 연금술의 ⑶ ical(ic); 형용사 어미

bioscientist [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] science < sci
[본문] [27]That's what BBC World Service programme, CrowdScience, asked bioscientist, Jurriaan Ton.
[영한] ⒨ 생명[생물] 과학자, 우주 생물학자.
[어근] ⑴ bio; 생명, life ⑵ sci; know, 알다 ⑶ ent(ant); 명사어미 ⑷ ist; ~하는 사람(명사어미)

bronze [명사] [Rank; 4979] [★] [레마] bronze
[본문] [61]They live even longer - over 5,000 years, in fact - all the way back to the bronze Age.
[영영] Bronze is a yellowish-brown metal which is a mixture of copper and tin.
[영한] ⒨ ① 청동 ② 구릿빛 ③ 청동으로 만든 작품 ④ 상호참조 bronze medal
[첫뜻] alloy of copper and (usually) a smaller amount of tin
[활용] 복수형; bronzes
[파생] bronzy, bronze
<동사> ① 청동빛으로 만들다, 표면이 청동빛이 나게 처리하다, 햇볕에 태우다 ② 청동빛으로 되다, 햇볕에 타다 <형용사> 구릿빛의
[어원] bronzo(Italian), [from Medieval Latin bronzium, probably from Persian birinj] bronze

caterpillar [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] caterpillar
[본문] [39]Tree leaves are opportunities for hungry insects and caterpillars to eat.
[영영] A caterpillar is a small, worm-like animal that feeds on plants and eventually develops into a butterfly or moth.
[영한] ⒨ 애벌레
[첫뜻] larva of a butterfly or moth,
[활용] 복수형; Caterpillars
[어원] catta pilosa(Latin), [catta+pilosus] cat + hairy

coast [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2458] [★★] [레마] coast
[본문] [19]One of Earth's longest living trees is The Great Bristlecone Pine, found on the west coast of America.
[영영] The coast is an area of land that is next to the sea.
[영한] ⒨ 해안 (지방)
[첫뜻] margin of the land; rib as a part of the body
[활용] 복수형; coasts
[파생] coastal, coastally, coastward, coastwards, coast
<동사> ① (승용차나 자전거가) (동력을 쓰지 않고) 관성으로[저절로] 움직이다 ② (차량이) (동력을 많이 쓰지 않고) 부드럽게 움직이다 ③ 수월하게 해 내다
[어근] coast(costa); rib, side of land

depending [형용사] [Rank; 2995] [레마] depend < pend(매달다)
[본문] [47]Our hypothesis would be that, depending on the level of that stress - if it was a really long-lasting drought of a few years, then maybe the tree can remember it for a long time because it needs to adapt to that hostile environment.
[영한] ⒨ 매달린 , 부수적인 , 미결의.
[어근] ⑴ de; 밑, 밖으로 ⑵ pend; 메달다(hang) ⑶ ing; 형용사 어미

 

 

 

 

drought [명사] [Oxf5] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] drought
[본문] [71]Can plants 'remember' stressful situations, such as droughts or pests?
[영영] A drought is a long period of time during which no rain falls.
[영한] ⒨ 가뭄
[첫뜻] continuous dry weather injurious to vegetation, dryness
[활용] 복수형; droughts
[파생] droughty, drought
[어원] ⓐdrugaþ(Old English), =drugoþ; continuous dry weather injurious to vegetation, dryness
ⓑdrugoþ(Old English), =drugaþ; continuous dry weather injurious to vegetation, dryness
ⓒdryge(Old English), dry

efficient [형용사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 3023] [★★] [레마] effect < fact(만들다)
[본문] [29]Plants in particular need to have a very efficient immune system for two important reasons.
[영영] If something or someone is efficient, they are able to do tasks successfully, without wasting time or energy.
[영한] ⒨ 능률적인, 유능한, 효율적인
[첫뜻] making, producing immediate effect, active, effective,
[파생] effect, effecter, effectible, effective, effectual, efficiency, efficient, efficiently
[반의어] inefficient(효율적이다)
[어근] ⑴ ef(ex); out ⑵ fici(fac); 만들다, 하다 ⑶ ent(ant); 형용사어미

firstly [부사] [Oxf3] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] first
[본문] [30]firstly, they sit at the bottom of the food chain so there are a lot of opportunistic organisms out there, including insect herbivores and microbial pathogens who want to tap into that biochemical energy that is stored in plants.
[영영] You use firstly in speech or writing when you want to give a reason, make a point, or mention an item that will be followed by others connected with it.
[영한] ⒨ (여러 가지를 나열할 때) 첫째로[맨 먼저]
[유의어] first
[구성단어] first + ly

fox [명사] [R; 5001+] [★★] [레마] fox
[본문] [34]Rabbits eat grass and, in turn, are eaten by foxes.
[영영] A fox is a wild animal which looks like a dog and has reddish-brown fur, a pointed face and ears, and a thick tail. Foxes eat smaller animals.
[영한] ⒨ ① 여우 ② 여우 모피 ③ 여우 같은[교활한] 사람 ④ 매력적인 여자
[첫뜻] a fox,
[활용] 복수형; foxes
[파생] foxlike, foxy, fox
<동사> 너무 어렵다, 풀 수가 없다, 속이다, 혼란스럽게 만들다
[어원] fox(Old English), a fox

genetically [부사] [R; 5001+] [레마] genetic < gene
[본문] [11]The information gets passed on to our children genetically.
[영한] ⒨ 유전적으로, 유전자 상으로 (cf. genetic 유전적인)
[파생] gene, genetic, genetically, genetics
[어근] ⑴ gen; 생기다 ⑵ etic; 형용사 어미 ⑶ al; 형용사 어미 ⑷ ly; 부사/형용사 어미

grass [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2031] [★★] [레마] grass
[본문] [34]Rabbits eat grass and, in turn, are eaten by foxes.
[영영] Grass is a very common plant consisting of large numbers of thin, spiky, green leaves that cover the surface of the ground.
[영한] ⒨ ① (가축 먹이용) 풀[꼴], 잔디 ② (모든 종류의) 풀 ③ 잔디(밭) ④ (속어) 마리화나, 대마초 ⑤ (경찰의) 정보원[끄나풀]
[활용] 복수형; grasses
[파생] grassless, grasslike, grass
<동사> (경찰에) ~를 밀고하다[찌르다]
[어원] græs(Old English), herb, plant, grass

herbivore [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] herbivore < vore
[본문] [30]Firstly, they sit at the bottom of the food chain so there are a lot of opportunistic organisms out there, including insect herbivores and microbial pathogens who want to tap into that biochemical energy that is stored in plants.
[영영] A herbivore is an animal that only eats plants.
[영한] ⒨ 초식 동물
[활용] 복수형; herbivores
[어근] ⑴ herbi(herb); 플, grass ⑵ vore; 포식
[어원] herbivorus(Latin), [from herba+vorare]

 

 

 

 

 

hostile [형용사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 4206] [★] [레마] host
[본문] [47]Our hypothesis would be that, depending on the level of that stress - if it was a really long-lasting drought of a few years, then maybe the tree can remember it for a long time because it needs to adapt to that hostile environment.
[영영] If you are hostile to another person or an idea, you disagree with them or disapprove of them, often showing this in your behaviour.
[영한] ⒨ ① 적대적인 ② (~을) 강력히 반대[거부]하는 유의어 opposed to ③ (진행/달성을) 어렵게 하는 ④ 적군의 ⑤ (상업) (기업 등의 매수 제의가) 적대적인
[파생] hostile, hostilely, hostility
[유의어] antagonistic, alien, belligerent
[반의어] osed to
<명사> ① 적대적인 사람, 유해한 것. ② (군사) 적, 적병, 적기, 적함(敵艦).
[어근] ⑴ host; 무리, 손님, 적 ⑵ ile; …에 관한(것)

hypothesis [명사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 3406] [★★] [레마] thesis
[본문] [47]Our hypothesis would be that, depending on the level of that stress - if it was a really long-lasting drought of a few years, then maybe the tree can remember it for a long time because it needs to adapt to that hostile environment.
[영영] A hypothesis is an idea which is suggested as a possible explanation for a particular situation or condition, but which has not yet been proved to be correct.
[영한] ⒨ ① 가설(假說) ② 추정, 추측
[첫뜻] a particular statement;
[활용] 복수형; hypothesises
[유의어] theory, speculation
[어근] ⑴ hypo; 아래 ⑵ thesis(thet); 놓음, 두다, put
[어원] hypothesis(Latin), base, groundwork, foundation

immune [형용사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 4240] [★★] [레마] immune
[본문] [5]Over the past 18 months, we've heard a lot about the human immune system - the cells in our bodies that fight diseases like coronavirus.
[영영] If you are immune to a particular disease, you cannot be affected by it.
[영한] ⒨ ① (특정 질병에) 면역성이 있는 ② …의 영향을 받지 않는, …에 면역이 된 ③ …이 면제되는, …을 면하는
[첫뜻] free, exempt
[파생] immune, immunity, immunize
[유의어] exempt
<명사> 면역[면제]자
[어근] immune(immun); 면역
[어원] immunis(Latin), [in+munis] exempt from public service, untaxed; unburdened, not tributary; not paying a share

immunity [명사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] immune
[본문] [40]So, trees need immunity because they're under attack, either from disease or from living things wanting to eat them.
[영한] ⒨ ① 면역력 ② 면제
[첫뜻] exemption from service or obligation
[활용] 복수형; immunities
[파생] immune, immunity, immunize
[어근] ⑴ immun; 면역 ⑵ ity; ~한 상태, 성격

infection [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2715] [★★] [레마] infect < fact(만들다)
[본문] [63]Right, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned, starting with immune system - the body's way of fighting infection and disease.
[영한] ⒨ ① 감염 ② 전염병
[활용] 복수형; infections
[파생] infecter, infection, infectious, infectiously, infectiousness, infective, infector, infect
[어근] ⑴ in; in ⑵ fect(fac); to make, do, perform ⑶ ion(ation); 명사 어미

instance [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2981] [★★] [레마] stance < st-(서다)
[본문] [48]Now, maybe the hypothesis would be the other way around, maybe if it was a very dry July for instance, maybe the tree is not even that bothered and then it forgets within one year because that memory of stress is gonna be holding it back on its growth, for instance.
[영영] An instance is a particular example or occurrence of something.
[영한] ⒨ 사례, 경우
[첫뜻] urgency, insistence
<동사> …을 예로 들다
[어근] ⑴ in; in, upon ⑵ st; stand ⑶ ance; 명사 어미

 

 

 

 

 

July [명사] [Oxf3] [R; 5001+] [★★] [레마] July
[본문] [48]Now, maybe the hypothesis would be the other way around, maybe if it was a very dry July for instance, maybe the tree is not even that bothered and then it forgets within one year because that memory of stress is gonna be holding it back on its growth, for instance.
[영영] July is the seventh month of the year in the Western calendar.
[영한] ⒨ 7월
[활용] 복수형; Julies
[어원] Iulius(Latin), fifth month of the Roman calendar

layer [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2187] [★★] [레마] lay
[본문] [14]Well, not exactly, but trees grow rings - a layer of wood for each year of growth.
[영영] A layer of a material or substance is a quantity or piece of it that covers a surface or that is between two other things.
[영한] ⒨ ① (하나의 표면이나 여러 표면 사이를 덮고 있는) 막[층/겹/켜] ② (시스템 등의 일부를 이루는) 층[단계]
[활용] 복수형; layers
[유의어] film
<동사> 켜켜로[층층이/겹겹이] 놓다[쌓다]
[어근] ⑴ lay; 눞다, lay ⑵ er; ~하는 사람(것)

long-lasting [형용사] [R; 5001+] [레마] last
[본문] [47]Our hypothesis would be that, depending on the level of that stress - if it was a really long-lasting drought of a few years, then maybe the tree can remember it for a long time because it needs to adapt to that hostile environment.
[영영] Something that is long-lasting lasts for a long time.
[영한] ⒨ 오래 지속되는[지속될 수 있는]
[유의어] durable(오래 지속되다)
[구성단어] long + lasting

microbial [형용사] [R; 5001+] [레마] microbe < bio
[본문] [30]Firstly, they sit at the bottom of the food chain so there are a lot of opportunistic organisms out there, including insect herbivores and microbial pathogens who want to tap into that biochemical energy that is stored in plants.
[영한] ⒨ 미생물의, 세균의, 세균에 의한
[첫뜻] of or pertaining to microbes,
[파생] microbial, microbian, microbic, microbe
[어근] ⑴ micro; 적은, small ⑵ bi(bio); 생명, life ⑶ al; 형용사 어미

opportunistic [형용사] [R; 5001+] [레마] opportune < port
[본문] [30]Firstly, they sit at the bottom of the food chain so there are a lot of opportunistic organisms out there, including insect herbivores and microbial pathogens who want to tap into that biochemical energy that is stored in plants.
[영영] If you describe someone's behaviour as opportunistic, you are critical of them because they take advantage of situations in order to gain money or power, without thinking about whether their actions are right or wrong.
[영한] ⒨ ① 기회[편의]주의적인 ② (병리) (병원체/질병이) 면역 체계가 약해졌을 때만 발생하는
[파생] opportunistically, opportunistic
[어근] ⑴ op(ob); 반대, toward ⑵ port; 항구, carry ⑶ un(une); ~의 ⑷ ist; …하는 사람 ⑸ ic; …의, 와 같은(것)

organism [명사] [Rank; 4424] [★★] [레마] organ
[본문] [30]Firstly, they sit at the bottom of the food chain so there are a lot of opportunistic organisms out there, including insect herbivores and microbial pathogens who want to tap into that biochemical energy that is stored in plants.
[영영] An organism is an animal or plant, especially one that is so small that you cannot see it without using a microscope.
[영한] ⒨ ① 유기체, (특히 극도로 작은) 생물(체) ② 유기적 조직체, 유기체
[첫뜻] organic structure, organization
[활용] 복수형; organisms
[파생] organismal, organismally, organismic, organism
[어근] ⑴ organ; 시행하다, 도구 기구 ⑵ ism; 이념, 주의

pathogen [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] pathogen < path-
[본문] [30]Firstly, they sit at the bottom of the food chain so there are a lot of opportunistic organisms out there, including insect herbivores and microbial pathogens who want to tap into that biochemical energy that is stored in plants.
[영영] A pathogen is any organism which can cause disease in a person, animal, or plant.
[영한] ⒨ 병원균, 병원체
[첫뜻] disease-producing micro-organism
[활용] 복수형; pathogens
[어근] ⑴ patho(path); 감정, feeling ⑵ gen; 생기다

 

 

 

 

 

pest [명사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] pest
[본문] [71]Can plants 'remember' stressful situations, such as droughts or pests?
[영영] Pests are insects or small animals which damage crops or food supplies.
[영한] ⒨ ① 해충, 유해 동물 ② 성가신 사람[것]
[첫뜻] a pest upon ____,
[활용] 복수형; pests
[파생] pestiferous, pesty, pest
[어원] pestis(Latin), deadly contagious disease; a curse, bane

pine [명사] [Rank; 3185] [★★] [레마] pine
[본문] [57]Ah yes, I asked you how long Earth's oldest trees, Great Bristlecone pines, can live.
[영영] A pine tree or a pine is a tall tree which has very thin, sharp leaves and a fresh smell. Pine trees have leaves all year round.
[영한] ⒨ ① 소나무, 솔 ② 소나무 재목
[첫뜻] coniferous tree, tree of the genus Pinus
[활용] 복수형; pines
[파생] piny, pine
<동사> (사람이 죽거나 떠난 후) 몹시 슬퍼하다[비통해 하다] <형용사> 소나뭇과(科)의.
[어원] pinus(Latin), pine, pine-tree, fir-tree(소나무, 파인트리, 전나무)

stressful [형용사] [R; 5001+] [레마] stress
[본문] [10]Us, humans, store memories in our brain, but our body also remembers things, including stressful situations from the past, which it stores in our genes.
[영영] If a situation or experience is stressful, it causes the person involved to feel stress.
[영한] ⒨ 스트레스가 많은
[파생] stressful, stressfully, stressfulness, stress
[어근] ⑴ stress(strain); 조이다 ⑵ ful; 형용사 어미

ton [명사] [Oxf5] [R; 5001+] [★★] [레마] ton
[본문] [27]That's what BBC World Service programme, CrowdScience, asked bioscientist, Jurriaan ton.
[영영] A ton is a unit of weight that is equal to 2240 pounds in Britain and to 2000 pounds in the United States.
[영한] ⒨ ① 톤(무게의 단위. 1톤은 영국에서는 2?240파운드, 미국에서는 2?000파운드) ② (선박의 크기를 나타내는) 톤(1톤은 100입방 피트) ③ 아주 많음 ④ 100 (특히 시속 100마일)
[첫뜻] ① measure of weight ② prevailing mode, style, fashionable ways,
[활용] 복수형; tons
[파생] tonnage, ton
[어원] ⓐton(French), musical sound, speech, words
ⓑtunne(Old English), tun, cask, barrel

 

 

T2021_12_30_trees_01_단어.pdf

0.19MB

 

이 블로그에는 [BBC 6분 영어와 관련하여 매주 다음과 같은 글들이 게시 됩니다

• 단어공부(금주 대본에 나온 주요 어휘) 이 글입니다
• 멀티단어공부(금주 대본에 사용된 멀티단어(구동사, 숙어) 간단 정리) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
• 독해공부(금주 대본의 문장별 해석(직역) 자료) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
• 문장별 문법공부(문장별 문법 설명) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
• 금주의 어휘(금주 대본에 나온 금주의 어휘를 집중적으로 정리한 자료) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
• 항목별 문법공부(금주 대본에 나온 문법을 주제별/항목별로 정리한 자료) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
• 금주의 구동사(금주 대본에 사용된 구동사 상세 정리) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.

새내기할배의 [영어단어공부]자료를 처음 보시는 분은 <다음> 링크를 클릭하셔서 BBC Learning English 6 Minute English [공부법]을 먼저 보시기 바랍니다

https://blog.naver.com/softca/221610250801

 

[Blog Home]

본 글은 Word Frequency 기준 2000순위 이하를 제외한 단어만을 수록하고 있습니다.

본 자료는 PDF 파일로 다운 받을 수 있습니다.

오디오 듣기

새내기할배 블로그가 제안하는 영어단어 암기법은 기본적으로 문장을 통해 암기하는 것입니다. 그래서 설명하는 모든 단어마다 본문도 함께 제시됩니다. 그러나 새로 나온다고 해서 모든 단어를 무한정 암기할 수는 없습니다. 그래서 암기해야 해야 할 단어와 이해만 하고 넘어갈 단어를 구분하는 지혜가 필요합니다.

[BBC Leaning English] 6 Minute English - Do trees have memories?에 수록된 영어단어 수는

• 고유명사를 제외하고 총 366개 입니다.
• 이중 OxFord 3000단어와 일치하는 영어단어는 349개로 95%가 해당됩니다.
• 미국의 WordFrequency 사이트에서 조사한 Top 5,000내 포함하는 영어단어는 342개로 93%가 해당됩니다.
• Naver 사전에서 [★★/매우 중요]로 분류된 영어단어는 349개로 95%가 해당됩니다.
• 세개의 기준에 모두 일치하는 영어단어는 모두 331개로 90%의 싱크로율을 보입니다.

이들 기준에 해당되는 영어단어 중 암기해야 할 단어의 수준을 각자 정하고 그 수준의 영어단어가 나오면 문장과 함께 암기하는 습관을 들이면 영어단어공부에 큰 성과를 거둘 수 있을 것입니다

6 Minute English는 BBC Learning English 사이트에서 매주 출간하는 무료 영어 교육 콘텐츠이며 오디오 파일과 대본(Script) 파일을 제공합니다.