How do us humans compare with other animals when it comes to keeping ourselves and our environment clean? In this programme, we’ll be asking whether humans as a species are naturally clean and tidy. Neil and Sam talk about the topic and teach you related vocabulary along the way.
우리 인간은 우리 자신과 환경을 깨끗하게 유지하는 데 있어 다른 동물과 어떻게 비교됩니까? 이 프로그램에서 우리는 한 종으로서 인간이 천부적으로 깨끗하고 깔끔한지 묻습니다. Neil과 Sam은 주제에 대해 이야기하고 그 과정에서 관련 어휘를 가르칩니다.
새내기할배 블로그가 제안하는 영어단어 암기법은 기본적으로 문장을 통해 암기하는 것입니다. 그래서 설명하는 모든 단어마다 본문도 함께 제시됩니다. 그러나 새로 나온다고 해서 모든 단어를 무한정 암기할 수는 없습니다. 그래서 암기해야 해야 할 단어와 이해만 하고 넘어갈 단어를 구분하는 지혜가 필요합니다.
[BBC Leaning English] 6 Minute English - Are humans a messy species?에 수록된 영어단어 수는
- 고유명사를 제외하고 총 392개 입니다.
- 이중 OxFord 3000단어와 일치하는 영어단어는 356개로 91%가 해당됩니다.
- 미국의 WordFrequency 사이트에서 조사한 Top 5,000내 포함하는 영어단어는 337개로 86%가 해당됩니다.
- Naver 사전에서 [★★/매우 중요]로 분류된 영어단어는 357개로 91%가 해당됩니다.
- 세개의 기준에 모두 일치하는 영어단어는 모두 333개로 85%의 싱크로율을 보입니다.
이들 기준에 해당되는 영어단어 중 암기해야 할 단어의 수준을 각자 정하고 그 수준의 영어단어가 나오면 문장과 함께 암기하는 습관을 들이면 영어단어공부에 큰 성과를 거둘 수 있을 것입니다
이 블로그에는 [BBC 6분 영어와 관련하여 매주 다음과 같은 글들이 게시 됩니다
- 단어공부(금주 대본에 나온 주요 어휘) 이 글입니다
- 멀티단어공부(금주 대본에 사용된 멀티단어(구동사, 숙어) 간단 정리) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 독해공부(금주 대본의 문장별 해석(직역) 자료) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 문장별 문법공부(문장별 문법 설명) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 금주의 어휘(금주 대본에 나온 금주의 어휘를 집중적으로 정리한 자료) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 항목별 문법공부(금주 대본에 나온 문법을 주제별/항목별로 정리한 자료) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 금주의 구동사(금주 대본에 사용된 구동사 상세 정리) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
ant [명사] [R; 5001+] [★★] [레마] ant
[본문] [44]So, although getting a bit dirty won't kill you (unless you're a leaf-cutter ant), human evolution has developed a psychological way of keeping us clean.
[영영] Ants are small crawling insects that live in large groups.
[영한] ⒨ 개미
[첫뜻] ant
[활용] 복수형; ants
[어원] æmette(Old English), ant
antelope [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] antelope
[본문] [32]Like cats and ants, antelopes go to great lengths, meaning they try very hard to do something, in this case to leave their poo - or dung - in a specific area, away from their home.
[영영] An antelope is an animal like a deer, with long legs and horns, that lives in Africa or Asia. Antelopes are graceful and can run fast. There are many different types of antelope.
[영한] ⒨ 영양(주로 아프리카나 아시아에서 볼 수 있는 사슴 비슷한 동물)
[활용] 복수형; antelopes antelope
[어원] antholops(Greek), deer
avoidance [명사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] avoid < void
[본문] [39]It's characterised by avoidance, by sometimes feelings of nausea and what's interesting about it is that it is elicited by many of the things that are infectious disease threats in our environment… so that might be particular smells, or particular substances, body wastes, physical signs of infectious disease - coughs, sneezes.
[영영] Avoidance of someone or something is the act of avoiding them. the avoidance of stress.
[영한] ⒨ 회피, 방지
[첫뜻] action of emptying,
[활용] [U]
[파생] avoidable, avoidably, avoidance, avoidant, avoider, avoid
[어근] ⑴ a(ex); out ⑵ void(vac); vacant ⑶ ance; 명사 어미
awful [형용사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 3304] [★★] [레마] awe
[본문] [19]It got so bad that by the 1850s the awful smell had its own name - but what?
[영영] If you say that someone or something is awful, you dislike that person or thing or you think that they are not very good.
[영한] ⒨ ① 끔찍한, 지독한 ② (특히 양적으로 많음을 강조하는 의미로) 엄청 ③ 무시무시한
[파생] awe, aweless, awesome, awful, awfulness, awless
[유의어] terrible(무시무시하다), frightful(끔찍하다)
<부사> 되게, 굉장히
[어근] ⑴ aw(awe); 두려움, awe ⑵ ful; 형용사 어미
bin [명사] [Oxf3] [R; 5001+] [★★] [레마] bin
[본문] [5]If you live in a city, you're probably familiar with this very modern sight: a man walking his dog drops a little black plastic bag into a rubbish bin.
[영영] A bin is a container that you put rubbish in. in AM, usually use garbage can, trash can
[영한] ⒨ ① 쓰레기통 ② (흔히 뚜껑이 달린 저장용) 통
[첫뜻] enclosed receptacle for some commodity
[활용] 복수형; bins
<동사> 버리다
[어원] binne(Old English), basket, manger, crib(바구니, 여물통, 구유[여물통])
bodily [형용사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] body
[본문] [42]These bodily reactions are the immune system's way of saying: keep away!
[영영] Your bodily needs and functions are the needs and functions of your body.
[영한] ⒨ 신체의
[유의어] body(몸이다)
<부사> ① 몸 전체로, 힘껏 ② 온전히, 통째로
[어근] ⑴ bodi(body); body ⑵ ly; 부사/형용사 어미
boom [동사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 3198] [★★] [레마] boom
[본문] [18]In Victorian times, the population of London boomed and so did all the pee and poo being thrown into the River Thames.
[영영] If the economy or a business is booming, the amount of things being bought or sold is increasing.
[영한] ⒨ ① 쾅[탕] 하는 소리를 내다 ② 굵은[우렁우렁 울리는] 목소리로 말하다 ③ 호황을 맞다, 번창[성공]하다
[첫뜻] buzz, hum, drone, make a deep, hollow, continuous sound
[활용] boomed, boomed, booming, booms
[파생] boom, boomer
<명사> ① (사업경제의) 붐, 호황 ② (운동 종목음악 등의) 갑작스런 인기[대유행], 붐 ③ (돛의) 아래 활대 <형용사> 급등한, 벼락 경기의, 붐을 탄
[어원] ⓐboom(Dutch), tree, pole, beam
ⓑboom(imitative/echoic)
characterise [동사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] character
[본문] [39]It's characterised by avoidance, by sometimes feelings of nausea and what's interesting about it is that it is elicited by many of the things that are infectious disease threats in our environment… so that might be particular smells, or particular substances, body wastes, physical signs of infectious disease - coughs, sneezes.
[영한] ⒨ ① (…의) 특징이 되다 ② 특징짓다 ③ ~의 특징을 (~으로) 묘사하다[나타내다]
[첫뜻] to engrave, write,
[활용] characterised characterised characterising characterises
[어근] ⑴ character; character ⑵ ise; 동사 어미
[BRIT][AM→characterize]
chat [동사] [Oxf3] [R; 5001+] [★★] [레마] chat
[본문] [64]Join us again soon for more topical chat and useful vocabulary.
[영영] When people chat, they talk to each other in an informal and friendly way.
[영한] ⒨ ① 담소[이야기]를 나누다, 수다를 떨다 ② (인터넷으로) 채팅[대화]하다
[첫뜻] talk idly, babble
[활용] chatted, chatted, chatting, chats
[파생] chattily, chattiness, chatty, chat
[유의어] gas
<명사> ① (친구 사이의) 담소, 수다 ② (격식을 차리지 않은) 이야기, 대화
[어근] chatter; 새소리, twitter, chirp
cleanliness [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] clean
[본문] [36]He thinks that human attitudes to cleanliness are related to the problem of infectious diseases, something we've all experienced during the Covid pandemic.
[영영] Cleanliness is the degree to which people keep themselves and their surroundings clean.
[영한] ⒨ 청결
[활용] [U]
[파생] cleanlily, cleanliness, cleanly, cleanly, clean
[어근] ⑴ clean; clean ⑵ li(ly); 부사 어미 ⑶ ness; 명사 어미
dirty [형용사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2891] [★★] [레마] dirt
[본문] [34]OK Sam, but just because most of us don't pee at the bottom of the garden, does that necessarily mean humans are dirtier?
[영영] If something is dirty, it is marked or covered with stains, spots, or mud, and needs to be cleaned.
[영한] ⒨ ① 더러운, 지저분한 ② 추잡한, 더러운 ③ 정직하지 못한, 비열한 ④ 칙칙한 ⑤ (속어) 불법적인 약물을 쓰는
[첫뜻] of or imparting filth,
[활용] 비교; dirty < dirtier < dirtiest
[파생] dirty, dirt
<동사> 더럽히다
[어근] ⑴ dirt; 더러운, dirt ⑵ y; 형용사 어미
disgust [명사] [Oxf5] [R; 5001+] [★★] [레마] disgust
[본문] [38]So, in humans it seems like the emotion disgust is a big part of how we deal with infectious diseases problems.
[영영] Disgust is a feeling of very strong dislike or disapproval.
[영한] ⒨ 혐오감, 역겨움, 넌더리
[첫뜻] repugnance excited by something offensive or loathsome
[활용] [U]
[파생] disgustedly, disgustedness, disgustful, disgusting, disgustingly, disgust
[유의어] revolt(혐오감을 주다)
<동사> 혐오감을 유발하다, 역겹게 만들다
[어근] ⑴ dis; not ⑵ gust; taste
disgust [동사] [Oxf5] [R; 5001+] [★★] [레마] disgust
[본문] [23]All sounds pretty disgusting, Neil, but I'll go for A) The Great Stench.
[영영] To disgust someone means to make them feel a strong sense of dislike and disapproval.
[영한] ⒨ 혐오감을 유발하다, 역겹게 만들다
[활용] disgusted, disgusted, disgusting, disgusts
[파생] disgustedly, disgustedness, disgustful, disgusting, disgustingly, disgust
[유의어] repel
<명사> 혐오감, 역겨움, 넌더리
[어근] ⑴ dis; not ⑵ gust; taste
dislike [명사] [Oxf3] [R; 5001+] [★★] [레마] dislike < like
[본문] [40]Our natural reaction to something which is dirty, and which therefore may be diseased and harmful to us, is disgust - a strong feeling of dislike or repulsion.
[영한] ⒨ ① 반감, 싫음 ② 싫어하는 것
[활용] 복수형; dislikes
[파생] dislikable, dislikeable, dislike
<동사> 싫어하다
[어근] ⑴ dis; 不, 非, not ⑵ like; like
dump [동사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 3671] [★★] [레마] dump
[본문] [11]In fact, from dumping raw sewage into rivers to littering the streets with trash, humans aren't always good at dealing with waste.
[영영] If you dump something somewhere, you put it or unload it there quickly and carelessly.
[영한] ⒨ ① (특히 적절치 않은 곳에 쓰레기 같은 것을) 버리다 ② ~을 (~에게) 떠넘기다 ③ (상업) (무엇을 아주 낮은 가격에, 흔히 다른 나라에) 팔아 치우다 ④ (아무렇게나) 내려놓다 ⑤ (애인을) 차다
[첫뜻] throw down or fall with force, drop (something or someone) suddenly,
[활용] dumped, dumped, dumping, dumps
[파생] dumper, dump
<명사> ① (쓰레기) 폐기장[하치장] ② (남아프리카공화국 영어) 금광 쓰레기 폐기 더미 ③ 쓰레기장 같은 곳
[어원] dumpa(Old Norse), to thump, to fall suddenly
dung [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] dung
[본문] [31]It's really linked to their ecology so quite often animals are using dung and also urine as marking posts and territorial markers to say to other groups of animals and other individuals that, well, this is my territory not yours.
[영영] Dung is faeces from animals, especially from large animals such as cattle and horses.
[영한] ⒨ (특히 큰 동물의) 똥
[첫뜻] manure, decayed matter used to fertilize soil
[활용] [U]
[파생] dungy, dung
[유의어] manure
<동사> (밭에) 거름을 주다
[어원] dung(Old English), manure, decayed matter used to fertilize soil
ecology [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] ecology < eco
[본문] [31]It's really linked to their ecology so quite often animals are using dung and also urine as marking posts and territorial markers to say to other groups of animals and other individuals that, well, this is my territory not yours.
[영영] Ecology is the study of the relationships between plants, animals, people, and their environment, and the balances between these relationships.
[영한] ⒨ 생태(계), 생태학
[첫뜻] branch of science dealing with the relationship of living things to their environments,
[활용] [U]
[파생] ecologist, ecology
[어근] ⑴ eco; 집, house ⑵ logy(log); 말, word, 학문
elicit [동사] [R; 5001+] [레마] elicit
[본문] [39]It's characterised by avoidance, by sometimes feelings of nausea and what's interesting about it is that it is elicited by many of the things that are infectious disease threats in our environment… so that might be particular smells, or particular substances, body wastes, physical signs of infectious disease - coughs, sneezes.
[영영] If you elicit a response or a reaction, you do or say something which makes other people respond or react.
[영한] ⒨ ① (정보/반응을 어렵게) 끌어내다 ② (진리 등을 논리적으로) 도출하다, 이끌어 내다, (사실/대답/웃음 등을) 유도해 내다
[활용] elicited elicited eliciting elicits
[파생] elicitable, elicitation, elicitor, elicit
[어근] ⑴ e(ex); 밖으로 ⑵ lic; 유도하다, 꾀다 ⑶ it; 명사 어미
evolution [명사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 2969] [★★] [레마] evolve < volve
[본문] [44]So, although getting a bit dirty won't kill you (unless you're a leaf-cutter ant), human evolution has developed a psychological way of keeping us clean.
[영영] Evolution is a process of gradual change that takes place over many generations, during which species of animals, plants, or insects slowly change some of their physical characteristics.
[영한] ⒨ ① (생물) 진화 ② (점진적인) 발전[진전]
[첫뜻] an opening of what was rolled up,
[활용] 복수형; evolutions
[파생] evolution, evolutional, evolutionarily, evolutionary, evolutive, evolvable, evolve, evolvement, evolver
[어근] ⑴ e(ex); 외(外) ⑵ volut(volve); 돌다 ⑶ ion(ation); 명사 어미
further [형용사] [Oxf3] [R; 5001+] [★★] [레마] far
[본문] [25]Earlier you mentioned cats as examples of animals who hide their waste, but leaf-cutter ants go even further: they kill any dirty ants trying to re-enter the group!
[영한] ⒨ 더 이상의, 추가의
[첫뜻] further, greater, superior
[파생] furtherance, furtherer, further
<동사> <부사> ① (거리상으로) 더 멀리에[로] ② (과거로) 더 거슬러 올라가, (미래로) 더 나아가 ③ 더
[어근] further(far); 멀리, 먼, far
[어원] ⓐfurðor(Old English), =forðor; to promote.
ⓑforðor(Old English), to a more advanced position, forward, onward, beyond, more distant; farther away; later, afterward; to a greater degree or extent, in addition; moreover
ⓒfyrðran(Old English), =fyrðrian;
ⓓfyrðrian(Old English), to impel, urge on; advance, promote, benefit
ⓔfurðra(Old English), further, greater, superior
hygienic [형용사] [R; 5001+] [레마] hygiene
[본문] [7]It might make it seem that humans are hygienic creatures - certainly cleaner than dogs, who go to the toilet wherever they want.
[영영] Something that is hygienic is clean and unlikely to cause illness.
[영한] ⒨ 위생적인
[파생] hygienic, hygienically, hygiene
[유의어] sanitary
[반의어] unhygienic
[어근] ⑴ hygien(hygie); 건강한, healthy ⑵ ic; 형용사 어미
immune [형용사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 4240] [★★] [레마] immune
[본문] [42]These bodily reactions are the immune system's way of saying: keep away!
[영영] If you are immune to a particular disease, you cannot be affected by it.
[영한] ⒨ ① (특정 질병에) 면역성이 있는 ② …의 영향을 받지 않는, …에 면역이 된 ③ …이 면제되는, …을 면하는
[첫뜻] free, exempt
[파생] immune, immunity, immunize, immunize
[유의어] exempt
<명사> 면역[면제]자
[어근] immune(immuno); 면역
infectious [형용사] [Oxf5] [R; 5001+] [★★] [레마] infect < fact
[본문] [36]He thinks that human attitudes to cleanliness are related to the problem of infectious diseases, something we've all experienced during the Covid pandemic.
[영영] A disease that is infectious can be caught by being near a person who has it. Compare contagious.
[영한] ⒨ ① (병이 특히 공기를 통해) 전염되는[전염성의] ② (전염병에 걸려 있어서) 병을 옮길 수 있는
[첫뜻] catching, having the quality of spreading from person to person, communicable by infection
[파생] infecter, infection, infectious, infectious, infectiously, infectiousness, infective, infective, infector, infect
[어근] ⑴ in; in ⑵ fecti(fac); to make, do, perform ⑶ ous; 형용사 어미
instinctively [부사] [R; 5001+] [레마] instinct < stinct
[본문] [12]While some animals, on the other hand, are instinctively clean.
[영한] ⒨ 본능적으로, 무의식적으로, (조건) 반사적으로.
[파생] instinct, instinctive, instinctively, instinctually
[어근] ⑴ in; into ⑵ stinct; prick, goad ⑶ ive; 형용사 어미 ⑷ ly; 부사 어미
invention [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 4828] [★★] [레마] invent < vene
[본문] [50]Like in Victorian times before the invention of modern sewers and sanitation.
[영영] An invention is a machine, device, or system that has been invented by someone.
[영한] ⒨ ① 발명품 ② 발명 ③ (사실이 아닌 것을) 지어냄[날조], 지어낸[날조된] 이야기 ④ 창의력, 독창성
[첫뜻] finding or discovering of something
[활용] 복수형; inventions
[파생] invent, inventable, inventible, invention, inventional, inventionless, inventive, inventive
[어근] ⑴ in; in, on ⑵ vent; to come ⑶ ion(ation); 명사어미
latrine [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] latrine
[본문] [30]Some antelope for example will go to a sort of latrine area.
[영영] A latrine is a structure, usually consisting of a hole in the ground, that is used as a toilet, for example in a military camp.
[영한] ⒨ (야영지 등에서 특히 땅에 구덩이를 파서 만든) 변소
[첫뜻] a privy,
[어원] lavatrina(Latin), [from lavatus] [lavatus+-trina] bath, washbasin, washroom
leaf-cutter [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] cut
[본문] [25]Earlier you mentioned cats as examples of animals who hide their waste, but leaf-cutter ants go even further: they kill any dirty ants trying to re-enter the group!
[영영] .
[영한] ⒨ (곤충) 잎걷이개미
[구성단어] leaf + cutter
litter [동사] [Oxf5] [R; 5001+] [레마] litter
[본문] [11]In fact, from dumping raw sewage into rivers to littering the streets with trash, humans aren't always good at dealing with waste.
[영영] If a number of things litter a place, they are scattered untidily around it or over it.
[영한] ⒨ ① 흐트러져[흩어져] 어지럽히다[어수선하게 만들다] ② (쓰레기 등을) 버리다[버려서 지저분하게 만들다] ③ (보통 좋지 않은 것이) 많이 들어[포함되어] 있다
[첫뜻] provide with bedding
[활용] littered, littered, littering, litters
[파생] littery, litter
<명사> ① 쓰레기(공공장소에 버려진 휴지깡통병 같은 것들) ② 어질러져 있는 것들 ③ (애완동물, 특히 고양이가 대소변을 보도록 얕은 통에 깔아 주는) 깔개
[어원] litiere(French), litter, stretcher, bier; straw, bedding(들것, 담가[뻗치는 것],상여; 짚, 잠자리)
marker [명사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 4865] [★] [레마] mark
[본문] [31]It's really linked to their ecology so quite often animals are using dung and also urine as marking posts and territorial markers to say to other groups of animals and other individuals that, well, this is my territory not yours.
[영영] A marker is an object which is used to show the position of something, or is used to help someone remember something.
[영한] ⒨ ① (무엇의 위치를 나타내는) 표시[표지](물) ② (무엇의 존재/성격을 나타내는) 표시[표지] ③ 매직펜 ④ 채점자 ⑤ (특히 축구 같은 팀 경기에서) (상대 팀 선수가 공을 잡지 못하도록) 마크[방어]하는 선수
[활용] 복수형; markers
[어근] ⑴ mark; mark ⑵ er; ~하는 사람(것)
nausea [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] nausea
[본문] [39]It's characterised by avoidance, by sometimes feelings of nausea and what's interesting about it is that it is elicited by many of the things that are infectious disease threats in our environment… so that might be particular smells, or particular substances, body wastes, physical signs of infectious disease - coughs, sneezes.
[영영] Nausea is the condition of feeling sick and the feeling that you are going to vomit.
[영한] ⒨ 욕지기, 메스꺼움
[첫뜻] vomiting
[활용] [U]
[유의어] sickness
[어근] ⑴ naus(naut); 배 ⑵ ea(ia); 병(病)명
occupy [동사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 2732] [★★] [레마] occupy < capt
[본문] [33]Antelopes leave smells, called territorial markers, secreted in urine, or pee, to tell other animals that an area of land is already occupied.
[영영] The people who occupy a building or a place are the people who live or work there.
[영한] ⒨ ① (공간/지역/시간을) 차지하다 ② 사용하다[거주하다] ③ 점령[점거]하다 ④ (~하느라/~으로) ~를 바쁘게 하다, (~이) ~의 시간을 차지하다 ⑤ (공직을) 맡다
[첫뜻] to take possession of and retain or keep; to take up space or room or time; employ (someone)
[활용] occupied, occupied, occupying, occupies
[파생] occupation, occupational, occupationless, occupiable, occupy
[유의어] hold(맡다), take up(차지하다)
[어근] ⑴ oc(ob); over ⑵ cupy(capt); to grasp, seize
pee [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] pee
[본문] [18]In Victorian times, the population of London boomed and so did all the pee and poo being thrown into the River Thames.
[영한] ⒨ ① 오줌 누기 ② 오줌
[활용] [U]
<동사> 오줌을 누다
[어원] ⓐpee(English), [euphemistic abbreviation of piss]
ⓑpiss(English), to urinate
pee [동사] [R; 5001+] [레마] pee
[본문] [34]OK Sam, but just because most of us don't pee at the bottom of the garden, does that necessarily mean humans are dirtier?
[영영] When someone pees, they urinate.
[영한] ⒨ 오줌을 누다
[첫뜻] to spray with urine
[활용] peed peed peeing pees
[유의어] urinate
<명사> ① 오줌 누기 ② 오줌
[어원] ⓐpee(English), [euphemistic abbreviation of piss]
ⓑpiss(English), to urinate
poo [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] poo
[본문] [6]Inside the bag is dog poo.
[영영] Poo is a child's word for faeces.
[영한] ⒨ (어린 아이의 말로) 똥[응가]
[활용] 복수형; pooes
[유의어] faeces
<동사> 배변하다, 응가하다 <감탄사> 실없이!, 거짓말!(*불신을 나타낸다).
[어원] poo(imitative/echoic), baby-talk for "excrement,"
raw [형용사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2807] [★★] [레마] raw
[본문] [11]In fact, from dumping raw sewage into rivers to littering the streets with trash, humans aren't always good at dealing with waste.
[영영] Raw materials or substances are in their natural state before being processed or used in manufacturing.
[영한] ⒨ ① 익히지 않은, 날것의 ② 원자재의, 가공되지 않은 ③ 가공[처리]되지 않은 ④ 원초적인, 다듬어지지 않은 ⑤ 피부가 벗겨져[까져서] 쓰라린[따가운]
[첫뜻] uncooked, raw
[활용] 비교; raw < rawer < rawest
[파생] rawish, rawly, rawness, raw
<명사> ① 살갗이 벗겨진 곳, 생살, 찰과상, 아픈 곳, 약점 ② 생것, 날것, 술의 원액 ③ 버릇없는 사람
[어원] kreas(Greek), raw flesh(요리되지 않은, 날[생(生)] 것의)
re-enter [동사] [R; 5001+] [레마] enter
[본문] [25]Earlier you mentioned cats as examples of animals who hide their waste, but leaf-cutter ants go even further: they kill any dirty ants trying to re-enter the group!
[영영] If you re-enter a place, organization, or area of activity that you have left, you return to it.
[영한] ⒨ (어떤 장소/활동 분야에) 다시 들어가다
[활용] re-entered re-entered re-entering re-enters
[어근] ⑴ re; 다시, 반대로, again ⑵ enter(intra); 안(within)
rid [동사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 3066] [★★] [레마] rid
[본문] [14]In the past, humans got rid of their waste by throwing it into the street or into streams and rivers, hoping the water would wash it away.
[영영] If you rid a place or person of something undesirable or unwanted, you succeed in removing it completely from that place or person.
[영한] ⒨ ① (…에게서) 없애다, 제거[구축]하다, (…으로부터) 자유롭게 하다, 면하게 하다 ② 면하다, 벗어나다 ③ 구(救)하다, 해방하다
[첫뜻] clear (a space); set free, save
[유의어] free
[어원] ryðja(Old Norse), to clear (land) of obstructions
rubbish [형용사] [Oxf3] [R; 5001+] [★★] [레마] rubbish
[본문] [5]If you live in a city, you're probably familiar with this very modern sight: a man walking his dog drops a little black plastic bag into a rubbish bin.
[영영] If you think that someone is not very good at something, you can say that they are rubbish at it.
[영한] ⒨ 형편없는, 쓰레기 같은
[파생] rubbishing, rubbishy, rubbish
<명사> ① 쓰레기 ② (질이) 형편없는 것, 쓰레기 (같은 것) ③ 헛소리, 말도 안 되는 소리[생각] <동사> 헐뜯다, 혹평하다 <감탄사> 쓸데없이, 시시해
[어원] ⓐrubouses(French), rubble(돌무더기)
ⓑrobe(French), spoils(버려두다)
sanitation [명사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] sanitate
[본문] [50]Like in Victorian times before the invention of modern sewers and sanitation.
[영영] Sanitation is the process of keeping places clean and healthy, especially by providing a sewage system and a clean water supply.
[영한] ⒨ 위생 시설[관리]
[활용] [U]
[파생] sanitationist, sanitation
[어근] ⑴ sanit(sane); 건강 ⑵ at(ate); 동사 어미 ⑶ ion(ation); 명사 어미
secrete [동사] [R; 5001+] [레마] secrete
[본문] [33]Antelopes leave smells, called territorial markers, secreted in urine, or pee, to tell other animals that an area of land is already occupied.
[영영] If part of a plant, animal, or human secretes a liquid, it produces it.
[영한] ⒨ ① (신체 부위나 식물이 분비물을) 분비하다 ② (특히 작은 것을) 감추다[은닉하다]
[활용] secreted secreted secreting secretes
[파생] secretor, secrete
[어원] secernere(Latin), [se+cernere] to set apart, part, divide; exclude
sewage [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] sewer
[본문] [11]In fact, from dumping raw sewage into rivers to littering the streets with trash, humans aren't always good at dealing with waste.
[영영] Sewage is waste matter such as faeces or dirty water from homes and factories, which flows away through sewers.
[영한] ⒨ 하수, 오물
[활용] [U]
<동사> ① …에 하수로 거름하다[주다] ② …에 하수구를 만들다.
[어근] ⑴ sew(sewer); 하수관, 배수, sewer ⑵ age; 명사 어미
sewer [명사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] sewer
[본문] [50]Like in Victorian times before the invention of modern sewers and sanitation.
[영영] A sewer is a large underground channel that carries waste matter and rain water away, usually to a place where it is treated and made harmless.
[영한] ⒨ 하수관, 수채통
[첫뜻] conduit
[활용] 복수형; sewers
<동사> …에 하수도 설비를 하다
[어원] sewiere(French), sluice from a pond; something that makes water flow
sneeze [동사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] sneeze
[본문] [39]It's characterised by avoidance, by sometimes feelings of nausea and what's interesting about it is that it is elicited by many of the things that are infectious disease threats in our environment… so that might be particular smells, or particular substances, body wastes, physical signs of infectious disease - coughs, sneezes.
[영영] When you sneeze, you suddenly take in your breath and then blow it down your nose noisily without being able to stop yourself, for example because you have a cold.
[첫뜻] to snort, sneeze
[활용] sneezed, sneezed, sneezing, sneezes
[파생] sneezeless, sneezer, sneezy, sneeze
<명사> 재채기하다
[어원] fneosan(Old English), to snort, sneeze
stench [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] stench
[본문] [21]A) The Great stench - , B) The Great Stink - , or C) The Great Smell?
[영영] A stench is a strong and very unpleasant smell.
[영한] ⒨ 악취
[첫뜻] a smell, odor, scent, fragrance
[유의어] reek
[어원] stenc(Old English), [base of stincan] a smell, odor, scent, fragrance
stink [동사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] stink
[본문] [55]In fact, the answer was B) The Great stink, which stunk up the River Thames all the way to Westminster.
[영영] To stink means to smell extremely unpleasant.
[영한] ⒨ ① (고약한) 냄새가 나다, 악취가 풍기다 ② 구린내가 나다, 수상쩍다
[첫뜻] emit a smell of any kind; exhale; rise (of dust, vapor, etc.)
[활용] stank stunk, stunk, stinking, stinks
[유의어] reek
<명사> ① 악취 ② 소동, 물의 <형용사> 훌륭한, 멋진.
[어원] stincan(Old English), emit a smell
stink [명사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] stink
[본문] [21]A) The Great Stench - , B) The Great stink - , or C) The Great Smell?
[영영] If someone makes a stink about something they are angry about, they show their anger in order to make people take notice.
[영한] ⒨ ① 악취 ② 소동, 물의
[첫뜻] strong offensive odor,
[활용] 복수형; stinks
[유의어] reek
<동사> ① (고약한) 냄새가 나다, 악취가 풍기다 ② 구린내가 나다, 수상쩍다 <형용사> 훌륭한, 멋진.
[어원] stincan(Old English), emit a smell
stinky [형용사] [R; 5001+] [레마] stink
[본문] [63]And that's all for this stinky edition of 6 Minute English.
[영영] If something is stinky, it smells extremely unpleasant.
[영한] ⒨ ① 악취가 나는 ② 지독한, 역겨운
[활용] 비교; stinky < stinkier < stinkiest
[어근] ⑴ stink; stink ⑵ y; 형용사 어미
territorial [형용사] [R; 5001+] [레마] territory
[본문] [31]It's really linked to their ecology so quite often animals are using dung and also urine as marking posts and territorial markers to say to other groups of animals and other individuals that, well, this is my territory not yours.
[영영] Territorial means concerned with the ownership of a particular area of land or water.
[영한] ⒨ ① 영토의 ② (동물/조류 등이) 세력권[텃세권]을 주장[보호]하는
[첫뜻] of or pertaining to a territory,
[파생] territorial, territorially, territory
<명사> (T-) 국방 의용군 병사, (일반적으로) 지방 수비병.
[어근] ⑴ territ(terra); 땅, earth ⑵ ori(ory); 부속의,곳(소,所) ⑶ al; …한 (성질의), …함(과정, 상태)
territory [명사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 2198] [★★] [레마] territory
[본문] [31]It's really linked to their ecology so quite often animals are using dung and also urine as marking posts and territorial markers to say to other groups of animals and other individuals that, well, this is my territory not yours.
[영한] ⒨ ① (한 국가/통치자가 다스리는) 지역, 영토 ② (개인/단체/동물 등이 자기 소유로 여기는) 영역 ③ (업무/활동) 구역 ④ (특정한 종류의) 땅 ⑤ 준주(準州), 속령, 보호령, 자치령
[첫뜻] land under the jurisdiction of a town, state, etc.,
[활용] 복수형; territories
[파생] territorial, territorially, territory
[어근] ⑴ terri(terra); 땅 ⑵ ory; 부속의,곳(소,所)
tidy [형용사] [Oxf3] [R; 5001+] [★★] [레마] tide
[본문] [10]In this programme, we'll be asking whether humans as a species are naturally clean and tidy.
[영영] Something that is tidy is neat and is arranged in an organized way.
[영한] ⒨ ① (모양새가) 깔끔한, 잘 정돈된 ② (성질 등이) 깔끔한 ③ (액수가) 꽤 많은[상당한]
[첫뜻] in good condition, healthy,
[활용] 비교; tidy < tidier < tidiest
[파생] tidily, tidiness, tidy
[유의어] considerable(꽤 많다)
[반의어] untidy(잘 정돈되다)
<명사> [특히 합성어에서] 정리함(자질구레한 것들을 넣어 두는 통) <동사> (up) 정돈[정리]하다
[어근] ⑴ tid(tide); tide ⑵ y; 형용사 어미
toilet [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 4026] [★★] [레마] toilet
[본문] [7]It might make it seem that humans are hygienic creatures - certainly cleaner than dogs, who go to the toilet wherever they want.
[영영] A toilet is a large bowl with a seat, or a platform with a hole, which is connected to a water system and which you use when you want to get rid of urine or faeces from your body.
[영한] ⒨ ① 변기(통) ② (집 안의) 화장실 ③ (여러 개의 화장실이 작은 칸으로 나뉘어져 있는) 화장실 ④ (구식) 몸단장
[첫뜻] cover or bag for clothes
[활용] 복수형; toilets
<형용사> 화장[몸단장](용)의, 화장실(용)의.
[어원] toilette(French), [diminutive of toile] a cloth;, a bag for clothes
trash [명사] [Rank; 4457] [★★] [레마] trash
[본문] [11]In fact, from dumping raw sewage into rivers to littering the streets with trash, humans aren't always good at dealing with waste.
[영영] Trash consists of unwanted things or waste material such as used paper, empty containers and bottles, and waste food. in BRIT, use rubbish
[영한] ⒨ ① 쓰레기 ② 쓰레기 같은 것 ③ 인간쓰레기
[첫뜻] thing of little use or value, waste, refuse, dross
[활용] 복수형; trashes
[파생] trashery, trash
<동사> ① 부수다, 엉망으로 만들다 ② 맹비난하다 ③ (필요 없는 것을) 버리다
[어원] tros(Old Norse), rubbish, fallen leaves and twigs
urine [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] urine
[본문] [31]It's really linked to their ecology so quite often animals are using dung and also urine as marking posts and territorial markers to say to other groups of animals and other individuals that, well, this is my territory not yours.
[영영] Urine is the liquid that you get rid of from your body when you go to the toilet.
[첫뜻] urine
[어원] urina(Latin), urine
vomit [동사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] vomit
[본문] [41]We might feel so disgusted at the sight or smell of human waste that we actually want to vomit - a feeling known as nausea.
[영영] If you vomit, food and drink comes back up from your stomach and out through your mouth.
[영한] ⒨ 토하다, 게우다
[첫뜻] act of expelling contents of the stomach through the mouth
[활용] vomited vomited vomiting vomits
[파생] vomiter, vomitive, vomit
[유의어] be sick
<명사> 토사물
[어근] vomit(vom); discharge
[어원] vomitare(Latin), [frequentative of vomere] to vomit often
zoologist [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] zoo
[본문] [26]zoologist, Professor Adam Hart, has spent years studying ants and other clean creatures.
[영영] zoology + ist
[영한] ⒨ 동물학자
[활용] 복수형; zoologists
[어근] ⑴ zoo; 동물(animal) ⑵ log; 말, word, 학문 ⑶ ist; 명사 어미
새내기할배의 [영어단어공부]자료를 처음 보시는 분은 <다음> 링크를 클릭하셔서 BBC Learning English 6 Minute English [공부법]을 먼저 보시기 바랍니다
https://softca.blog.me/221610250801
본 글은 Word Frequency 기준 2000순위 이하를 제외한 단어만을 수록하고 있습니다.
본 자료는 PDF 파일로 다운 받을 수 있습니다.
6 Minute English는 BBC Learning English 사이트에서 매주 출간하는 무료 영어 교육 콘텐츠이며 오디오 파일과 대본(Script) 파일을 제공합니다. 
