6 Minute English는 BBC Learning English 사이트에서 매주 출간하는 무료 영어 교육 콘텐츠이며 오디오 파일과 대본(Script) 파일을 제공합니다. 
In this programme, we hear from companies that have got rid of managers and say it has helped staff do a better job, made them happier and saved money. And what could be the pitfall of not having bosses? Neil and Georgina discuss the topic and ... without bossing you, they teach you vocabulary.
이 프로그램에서 우리는 관리자를 없애고 직원들이 더 나은 업무를 수행하고 더 행복하게 만들고 비용을 절약하는 데 도움이 되었다고 말합는 회사로부터 듣고 말합니다. 그리고 상사가 없는 함정은 무엇일까요? Neil과 Georgina가 보스 없이 이 주제에 대해 토론합니다. 그리고 그들은 당신에게 어휘를 가르칩니다.
새내기할배 블로그가 제안하는 영어단어 암기법은 기본적으로 문장을 통해 암기하는 것입니다. 그래서 설명하는 모든 단어마다 본문도 함께 제시됩니다. 그러나 새로 나온다고 해서 모든 단어를 무한정 암기할 수는 없습니다. 그래서 암기해야 해야 할 단어와 이해만 하고 넘어갈 단어를 구분하는 지혜가 필요합니다.
[BBC Leaning English] 6 Minute English - No more bosses에 수록된 영어단어 수는
- 고유명사를 제외하고 총 368개 입니다.
- 이중 OxFord 3000단어와 일치하는 영어단어는 329개로 89%가 해당됩니다.
- 미국의 WordFrequency 사이트에서 조사한 Top 5,000내 포함하는 영어단어는 311개로 85%가 해당됩니다.
- Naver 사전에서 [★★/매우 중요]로 분류된 영어단어는 324개로 88%가 해당됩니다.
- 세개의 기준에 모두 일치하는 영어단어는 모두 310개로 84%의 싱크로율을 보입니다.
이들 기준에 해당되는 영어단어 중 암기해야 할 단어의 수준을 각자 정하고 그 수준의 영어단어가 나오면 문장과 함께 암기하는 습관을 들이면 영어단어공부에 큰 성과를 거둘 수 있을 것입니다
본 글은 Word Frequency 기준 2000순위 이하를 제외한 단어만을 수록하고 있습니다.
본 자료는 PDF 파일로 다운 받을 수 있습니다.
이 블로그에는 [BBC 6분 영어와 관련하여 매주 다음과 같은 글들이 게시 됩니다
- 단어공부(금주 대본에 나온 주요 어휘) 이 글입니다
- 멀티단어공부(금주 대본에 사용된 멀티단어(구동사, 숙어) 간단 정리) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 독해공부(금주 대본의 문장별 해석(직역) 자료) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 문장별 문법공부(문장별 문법 설명) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 금주의 어휘(금주 대본에 나온 금주의 어휘를 집중적으로 정리한 자료) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 항목별 문법공부(금주 대본에 나온 문법을 주제별/항목별로 정리한 자료) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 금주의 구동사(금주 대본에 사용된 구동사 상세 정리) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
accountable [형용사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 5001+] [★★] [레마] account
[본문] There are some people who take full advantage of this environment; others take less advantage but they do benefit because their voice is respected, when they do propose something it must be listened to, they are not subject to force and coercion and if they don't act according to their commitments they can be held accountable by anyone.
[영영] If you are accountable to someone for something that you do, you are responsible for it and must be prepared to justify your actions to that person.
[영한] ⒨ (해명할) 책임이 있는
[파생] accountability, accountableness, accountably, accountable
[어근] ⑴ ac(ad); 향하여, 첨가 ⑵ count; 계산 ⑶ able(hab); 형용사 어미
adapt [동사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 2954] [★★] [레마] apt
[본문] However, there is a risk that others who are more comfortable being managed may get left behind - remain at a lower level than others because they are not as quick to improve and adapt.
[영영] If you adapt to a new situation or adapt yourself to it, you change your ideas or behaviour in order to deal with it successfully.
[영한] ⒨ ① (새로운 용도/상황에) 맞추다[조정하다] ② (상황에) 적응하다 ③ (연극/영화/텔레비전 극으로) 개작하다[각색하다]
[첫뜻] to fit (something, for some purpose)
[활용] adapted, adapted, adapting, adapts
[파생] adaptability, adaptable, adaptableness, adaptably, adaptation, adaptive, adapt
[유의어] adjust, modify, adjust(적응하다)
[어근] ⑴ ad; 향하여, 첨가 ⑵ apt; 적당히
boss [명사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 2344] [★★] [레마] boss
[본문] But have you ever had a boss who you just couldn't work with?
[영영] Your boss is the person in charge of the organization or department where you work.
[영한] ⒨ ① (직장의) 상관, 상사 ② (큰 조직의) -장, 사장 ③ (장식적) 돌기, 사마귀 (모양의 징) ④ (건축) 양각 (장식), 부조(浮彫)
[첫뜻] ① ② protuberance, button
[활용] 복수형; bosses
<동사> ① ~를 쥐고 흔들다 ② 돋을새김으로 장식하다 <형용사> (속어) 아주 좋은
[어원] baas(Dutch), a master
bureaucracy [명사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 5001+] [★★] [레마] bureaucracy
[본문] One of the biggest problems in hierarchies is the excess cost of management and bureaucracy.
[영영] A bureaucracy is an administrative system operated by a large number of officials.
[영한] ⒨ ① 요식 체계 ② 관료 (체제), 관료 국가
[첫뜻] government by bureaus
[활용] 복수형; bureaucracies
[어근] ⑴ bureau; 사무실 ⑵ cracy; 지배
Californian [형용사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] Californian
[본문] Now, one of the first companies to experiment successfully with self-management was Californian tomato grower Morning Star.
[영한] ⒨ 캘리포니아주의 , 캘리포니아 주민의.
<명사> 캘리포니아 주민.
coercion [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] coerce
[본문] The first principle was that human beings should not use force or coercion against other human beings.
[영영] Coercion is the act or process of persuading someone forcefully to do something that they do not want to do.
[영한] ⒨ (무력/협박에 의한) 강제[강압]
[첫뜻] compulsion, forcible constraint
[활용] uncountable noun
[파생] coerce, coercer, coercible, coercionist, coercive, coercively, coerciveness, coercion
[어근] ⑴ co(com); 함께 ⑵ erc(arcan); 상자, 숨기다 ⑶ ion(ation); 명사 어미
empower [동사] [Oxford5000] [Rank; 5001+] [★] [레마] power
[본문] This motivates and empowers workers but also means they must keep their commitments - promises or firm decisions to do something when requested.
[영영] If someone is empowered to do something, they have the authority or power to do it.
[영한] ⒨ ① 권한을 주다 ② 자율권을 주다
[활용] empowered, empowered, empowering, empowers
[파생] empower, empowerment, powerful
[유의어] authorize
[어근] ⑴ em(en); 동사 접두서 ⑵ pow(pot); 강력 ⑶ er; ~하는 것(명사 어미)
enterprise [명사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 2522] [★★] [레마] enterprise
[본문] And the second principle was that people should keep the commitments they make to each other and so we adopted them as pretty much the entire governance of the enterprise.
[영영] An enterprise is a company or business, often a small one.
[영한] ⒨ ① 기업, 회사 ② (특히 모험성) 대규모 사업 ③ (민간) 산업 ④ (호감) 진취성, 기획력
[활용] 복수형; enterprises
[파생] enterpriser, enterprise
[유의어] venture, initiative
[어근] ⑴ enter(inter); 사이, among ⑵ prise(prehend); 잡다, grasp
equally [부사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 2390] [★★] [레마] equal
[본문] Because Morning Star has no bosses, decisions are made by all employees equally without coercion - the use of force to persuade someone to do something they do not want to do.
[영영] Equally means in sections, amounts, or spaces that are the same size as each other.
[영한] ⒨ ① 똑같이, 동일[동등]하게 ② 균등하게 ③ (방금 한 말에 덧붙이는 내용 서두에 써서) 마찬가지로[동시에]
[파생] Equality, equalize, equally, equal
<형용사>
[어근] ⑴ equ; even, level ⑵ al; ~한(형용사어미) ⑶ ly; 부사어미
excess [형용사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 5001+] [★] [레마] exceed
[본문] One of the biggest problems in hierarchies is the excess cost of management and bureaucracy.
[영영] Excess is used to describe amounts that are greater than what is needed, allowed, or usual.
[영한] ⒨ (법적정상적필요한 정도를) 초과한
[파생] exceed, exceedable, exceeder, excess, excessive
<명사> ① (어떤 정도를) 지나침, 과도, 과잉 ② (… 이상의) 초과량[액] ③ (보험 청구액의) 본인 부담분 <동사> (공무원을) 휴직시키다
[어근] ⑴ ex; 밖으로 ⑵ cess(cede); 가다
experiment [동사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 2004] [★★] [레마] experiment
[본문] Now, one of the first companies to experiment successfully with self-management was Californian tomato grower Morning Star.
[영영] If you experiment with something or experiment on it, you do a scientific test on it in order to discover what happens to it in particular conditions.
[영한] ⒨ ① (과학적인) 실험을 하다 ② (새로운 아이디어방법 등을) 실험하다[시험 삼아 해 보다]
[활용] experimented, experimented, experimenting, experiments
[파생] experimental, experimenter, experimentor, experiment
<명사> ① (과학적인) 실험 ② 실험[시험](적인 행동생각방법)
[어근] ⑴ ex; 밖으로 ⑵ peri(perit); 실험, 경험, 노력 ⑶ ment; 명사어미
forceful [형용사] [Rank; 5001+] [★] [레마] force
[본문] Instead companies like San Francisco's Morning Star allow employees to make their own commitments - promises to act, rather than using coercion - or forceful persuasion - to get results.
[영영] If you describe someone as forceful, you approve of them because they express their opinions and wishes in a strong, emphatic, and confident way.
[영한] ⒨ ① (사람들이) 단호한 ② (의견 등이) 강력한, 확실한 ③ 강압적인
[파생] forcefully, forcefulness, forceful
[유의어] assertive
[어근] ⑴ force(fort); 강함 ⑵ ful; ~이 가득한
glad [형용사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 2288] [★★] [레마] glad
[본문] I'm glad to hear it, Georgina!
[영영] If you are glad about something, you are happy and pleased about it.
[영한] ⒨ ① (사람이) 기쁜[반가운] ② if… 고마운 ③ 기꺼이 …하려는 ④ (구식) (소식 등이) 기쁜[반가운]
[첫뜻] bright, shining, gleaming; joyous; pleasant, gracious
[활용] 비교; glad < gladder < gladdest
[파생] gladden, gladly, gladness, glad
<동사> 기쁘게 하다
[어원] glæd(Old English), bright, shining, gleaming; joyous; pleasant, gracious
governance [명사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 5001+] [★★] [레마] govern
[본문] And the second principle was that people should keep the commitments they make to each other and so we adopted them as pretty much the entire governance of the enterprise.
[영영] The governance of a country is the way in which it is governed.
[영한] ⒨ 통치, 관리, 통치[관리] 방식
[첫뜻] act or manner of governing
[활용] uncountable noun
[어근] ⑴ govern(gubern); 통치, 지배 ⑵ ance; 명사 어미
grower [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] grow
[본문] Now, one of the first companies to experiment successfully with self-management was Californian tomato grower Morning Star.
[영영] A grower is a person who grows large quantities of a particular plant or crop in order to sell them.
[영한] ⒨ ① 재배자[사] ② …하게 자라는 식물
[구성단어] grow + er
hierarchical [형용사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] hierarchy
[본문] We'll meet a self-managing company which isn't hierarchical and has no boss.
[영영] A hierarchical system or organization is one in which people have different ranks or positions, depending on how important they are.
[영한] ⒨ 계급[계층]에 따른
[파생] hierarchical, hierarchically, hierarchism, hierarchy
[어근] ⑴ hier(hiero); 신성한, 성직의 ⑵ archi(arch); 지도자 ⑶ ical(ic); 형용사 어미
hierarchy [명사] [Oxford5000] [Rank; 5001+] [★] [레마] hierarchy
[본문] Today we've been looking at the world of self-management - companies run without bosses, which, unlike most businesses, are not based on a hierarchy - system of organising people according to their level of importance.
[영영] A hierarchy is a system of organizing people into different ranks or levels of importance, for example in society or in a company.
[영한] ⒨ ① (특히 사회나 조직 내의) 계급[계층] ② (큰 조직의) 지배층[고위층] ③ (사상/개념 등의) 체계
[첫뜻] rank in the sacred order; one of the three divisions of the nine orders of angels; system of orders of angels and heavenly beings
[활용] 복수형; hierarchies
[파생] hierarchical, hierarchically, hierarchism, hierarchy
[유의어] pecking order(서열)
[어근] ⑴ hier(hiero); sacred, 신성한 ⑵ archy(arch); ruler, 통치자
managerial [형용사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] manage
[본문] You asked me to estimate how much the US economy loses in excess bureaucracy and managerial costs every year.
[영영] Managerial means relating to the work of a manager.
[영한] ⒨ 경영[관리/운영]의
[파생] managerial, managerially, managership, manager
[어근] ⑴ mana(manu); 손, hand ⑵ ag(age); 명사 어미 ⑶ er; 명사 어미 ⑷ ial(al); 형용사 어미
motivate [동사] [Oxford5000] [Rank; 3570] [★★] [레마] motive
[본문] This motivates and empowers workers but also means they must keep their commitments - promises or firm decisions to do something when requested.
[영영] If you are motivated by something, especially an emotion, it causes you to behave in a particular way.
[영한] ⒨ ① (행동 등의) 이유[원인]가 되다 ② (특히 열심히 노력하도록) 동기를 부여하다 ③ (자신의 진술에 대해) 이유를 말하다
[첫뜻] to stimulate toward action, act as the inciting cause of
[활용] motivated, motivated, motivating, motivates
[파생] motivate, motivated, motivational, motivator, motiveless, motivelessly, motivelessness, motivity, motivation, motive
[어근] ⑴ mot(mob); move ⑵ iv(ive); ~한 성질(명사어미) ⑶ ate; 동사 어미
no-one [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] no-one
[본문] So, although having no boss sounds good, if things go wrong, there's no-one to blame but yourself!
[영한] ⒨ 아무도 …않다
[구성단어] no + one
positively [부사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] positively
[본문] Many employees react positively to this working environment and take full advantage of it - make good use of the opportunity to progress or achieve their goals.
[영영] You use positively to emphasize that you really mean what you are saying.
[영한] ⒨ ① (진술 내용이 사실임을 강조하여) 분명히 ② 긍정적으로, 좋게 ③ (찬성/동의하여) 긍정적으로 ④ (의심의 여지없이) 분명히 ⑤ 양전자에 의해
[파생] positively, positiveness, positivity, positive
[유의어] conclusively(분명하다)
[반의어] negatively(긍정적으로)
<감탄사> 물론, 그렇고말고
[어근] ⑴ posit(pon); 두다, 놓다 ⑵ ive; 형용사어미 ⑶ ly; 부사 어미
react [동사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 2689] [★★] [레마] act
[본문] Many employees react positively to this working environment and take full advantage of it - make good use of the opportunity to progress or achieve their goals.
[영영] When you react to something that has happened to you, you behave in a particular way because of it.
[영한] ⒨ ① 반응하다, 반응을 보이다 ② (특정 물질에 대해 신체적으로 좋지 않은) 반응을 보이다 ③ (화학) (물질이) 화학 반응을 일으키다
[활용] reacted, reacted, reacting, reacts
[파생] react, reaction, reactional, reactionally, reactionary, reactive
[유의어] respond
[어근] ⑴ re; 다시(again) ⑵ act(ag); 행위
related [형용사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 3422] [★★] [레마] relate
[본문] That's all from us today, but remember to join us again soon for more topical discussion and related vocabulary here at 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
[영영] ① If two or more things are related, there is a connection between them.
② People who are related belong to the same family.
③ If you say that different types of things, such as languages, are related, you mean that they developed from the same language.
[영한] ⒨ ① (…에) 관련된 ② 친척의 ③ (생물/언어 등이) 동족[동류]의
[파생] relatable, relate, relatedness, relater, relation, relative, related
[반의어] unrelated(동족이다), unrelated(혈연관계가 아니다)
[어근] ⑴ relate(relat); bring back, bear back ⑵ d(ed); 과거분사 어미
rid [동사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 3066] [★★] [레마] rid
[본문] But in this programme, we hear from companies who've got rid of managers and say it has helped them do a better job, made them happier and saved money.
[영영] If you rid a place or person of something undesirable or unwanted, you succeed in removing it completely from that place or person.
[영한] ⒨ ① (…에게서) 없애다, 제거[구축]하다, (…으로부터) 자유롭게 하다, 면하게 하다 ② 면하다, 벗어나다 ③ 구(救)하다, 해방하다
[첫뜻] clear (a space); set free, save
[유의어] free
[어원] ryðja(Old Norse), to clear (land) of obstructions
self-managed [형용사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] manage
[본문] Would it be true to say that a self-managed company like yours empowers people who are already very good and it leaves behind those who are not so good?
[영한] ⒨ 자율 관리하는
[구성단어] self + managed
self-management [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] self-management
[본문] Now, one of the first companies to experiment successfully with self-management was Californian tomato grower Morning Star.
[영한] ⒨ (정치학) (용어)자주관리(自主管理), 노동자가 관리주체가 되어 기업을 관리하는 것을 말한다.
[구성단어] self + management
self-manager [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] manage
[본문] As self-managers, employees can't tell other employees what to do.
[영한] ⒨ 자가 관리자
[활용] 복수형; self-managers
[구성단어] self + manager
self-managing [형용사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] manage
[본문] We'll meet a self-managing company which isn't hierarchical and has no boss.
[영한] ⒨ ① 자가 관리 ② 자율 경영
[구성단어] self + managing
successfully [부사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 3205] [★★] [레마] success
[본문] Now, one of the first companies to experiment successfully with self-management was Californian tomato grower Morning Star.
[영한] ⒨ 성공적으로, 용케, 잘, 훌륭하게, 운 좋게(도)
[파생] successful, successfully, successfulness, succeed, success
[어근] ⑴ suc(sub); sub ⑵ cess(cede); go ⑶ ful; …이 가득한(量) (형용사어미) ⑷ ly; 부사 어미
topical [형용사] [Rank; 5001+] [★] [레마] topic
[본문] That's all from us today, but remember to join us again soon for more topical discussion and related vocabulary here at 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
[영영] Topical is used to describe something that concerns or relates to events that are happening at the present time.
[영한] ⒨ ① 시사(時事)와 관련된 ② (의학) (사람 몸의) 국부[국소]의
[첫뜻] pertaining to a place
[파생] topical, topicality, topically, topic
<명사> ① (우표) 주제별 수집 ② 뉴스 영화.
[어근] ⑴ top(topo); place, location ⑵ ic; 형용사어미 ⑶ al; 형용사어미
trillion [명사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 5001+] [★★] [레마] million
[본문] a) 3 million dollars - , b) 3 billion dollars - , or c) 3 trillion dollars?
[영영] A trillion is a million million.
[영한] ⒨ ① 1조 ② 엄청난 양 ③ (구식,) 100만조
[파생] trillionth, trillion
[유의어] billion
[구성단어] tri + million
working [형용사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 2843] [★★] [레마] work
[본문] After working together at BBC Learning English for many years, Georgina, you and I have a good working relationship, don't we?
[영한] ⒨ ① 직장이 있는, 일을 하고 있는 ② (육체적인) 노동을 하는, 노무직에 종사하는 ③ 근무[업무/직장]와 관련된 ④ (조찬점심 등이) 업무와 관련된[회의를 겸한] ⑤ (일의 추진논의 등을 위해) 잠정적으로 정한
[유의어] employed
<명사> ① (기계시스템조직 등의) 작동[운용/작용] (방식) ② (광산채석장 등의) 채굴장[작업장]
[어근] ⑴ work; work ⑵ ing; 현재분사어미
working [명사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 2843] [★★] [레마] work
[본문] This way of working is great for some - they feel listened to and have a voice in how the company is run.
[영한] ⒨ ① (기계시스템조직 등의) 작동[운용/작용] (방식) ② (광산채석장 등의) 채굴장[작업장]
[활용] 복수형; workings
<형용사> ① 직장이 있는, 일을 하고 있는 ② (육체적인) 노동을 하는, 노무직에 종사하는 ③ 근무[업무/직장]와 관련된
[어근] ⑴ work; work ⑵ ing; 현재분사어미
zero [명사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 5001+] [★★] [레마] zero
[본문] I'll say c) 3 trillion dollars - that's one followed by twelve zeros - a lot of money!
[영영] Zero is the number 0.
[영한] ⒨ ① (pl. zeros) 0, 영(零), 제로 ② (온도압력 등의) 영(零), 영도(零度) ③ 무(無), 제로
[첫뜻] figure which stands for naught in the Arabic notation
[활용] 복수형; zeros zeroes
<동사> (계기 등을) 영[제로]에 맞추다 <형용사> ① 0(도)의, 제로의 ② 조금도 없는, 결여되어 있는 ③ (기상) (시계(視界)가) 제로인
[어원] sifr(Arabic), cipher
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https://softca.blog.me/221610250801
