Technology offers new ways to translate between languages. Is this translation accurate? How does it work? Learn some new vocabulary with Sam and Rob as they discuss the relationship between translation, technology and the human brain.
기술은 언어 사이에 번역하기 위한 새로운 방식들을 제공합니다. 이러한 번역이 정교합니까? 그것이 어떻게 작동합니까? 그들은 번역 사이의 관계, 기술 그리고 인간의 뇌를 의논하듯이. 샘과 롭과 함꼐 몇몇 새로운 어휘를 배우십시오.
이것은 이번 주제의 주요 내용입니다. 영어 단어를 공부할 때 스토리와 함께 공부하면 크게 도움이 됩니다. 다음은 이번 주에 수록된 주요 단어 목록들입니다.
advertisement [명사] [Oxf3] [R; 5001+] [★★] [레마] advert < vert(회전하다)
[본문] [43]Ah, in your question you asked how Braniff's television advertisement "fly in leather" was translated into Spanish.
[영영] An advertisement is an announcement in a newspaper, on television, or on a poster about something such as a product, event, or job.
[영한] ① 광고 ② 광고 (효과를 내는 것) ③ 광고 (행위)
[첫뜻] written statement calling attention to (something), public notice
[활용] 복수형; advertisements
[파생] advertisable, advertisement, advertiser, advertizer, advertise
[유의어] advert(광고)
[어근] ⑴ ad; 향하여, 첨가, to ⑵ vert(verse); 돌다 ⑶ ise(ize); …(의 상태)로 만들다 ⑷ ment; 명사 어미
advertising [형용사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2664] [★★] [레마] advert < vert(회전하다)
[본문] [16]But how was its "fly in leather" advertising slogan mistranslated into Spanish?
[영한] 광고의, 광고에 관한
<명사> 광고(하기), 광고업
[어근] ⑴ ad; 향하여, 첨가, to ⑵ vert(verse); 돌다 ⑶ is(ize); …(의 상태)로 만들다 ⑷ ing; 명사 어미
airline [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2147] [★] [레마] air < aero(공기)
[본문] [42]Yes, if only Braniff airlines had relied on human translators, they might have avoided an embarrassing situation.
[영영] An airline is a company which provides regular services carrying people or goods in aeroplanes.
[영한] 항공사
[활용] 복수형; airlines
[어근] ⑴ air(aero); 공기, 항공, air ⑵ line; 선, line
all-leather [형용사] [R; 5001+] [레마] all-leather
[본문] [15]In 1987, the American airline, Braniff, ran television adverts promoting the all-leather seats installed on their flights to Mexico.
[영한] 전체 가죽인
[구성단어] all + leather
automate [동사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] automate < auto(스스로)
[본문] [35]So you're right that machines will be great at anything that is rote, anything that's already been done a million times can be automated.
[영영] To automate a factory, office, or industrial process means to put in machines which can do the work instead of people.
[영한] (일을) 자동화하다
[첫뜻] to convert to automatic operation,
[활용] automated, automated, automating, automates
[파생] automatable, automate
[어근] ⑴ auto; 혼자, self ⑵ mate(mat); 생각, 활기찬
[어원] automatizein(Greek), to act of oneself, to act unadvisedly
badly [부사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 3137] [★★] [레마] bad
[본문] [14]The translation app I used just now is very recent, but there's a long history of computer mistranslations - times when computers got it badly wrong.
[영영] If something is done badly or goes badly, it is not very successful or effective.
[영한] ① (무엇을 솜씨 있거나 조심성 있게 하지 못함을 나타냄) ② (성공적으로 해 내거나 되어 가지 않음을 나타냄) ③ (받아들일 만한 수준이 못 됨을 나타냄) ④ (무엇에 대한 사람들의 견해가 안 좋게 되어 감을 나타냄) ⑤ (바람/필요 등의 의미를 강조하여) 몹시[너무] ⑥ (상황의 심각성을 강조하여) 심하게[몹시]
[활용] 비교; badly < worse < worst
[파생] baddish, badly, badness, bad
[반의어] well
<형용사> ① 몸이 아픈(sick), 기분이 언짢은. ② 딱한, 유감스러운. ③ 낙담한, 기가 죽은.
[어근] ⑴ bad; 나쁜, bad ⑵ ly; 부사 어미
barrier [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2632] [★★] [레마] bar
[본문] [10]Modern software like Google Translate has transformed how we learn foreign languages, bringing us closer to a world where language is no longer a barrier to communication.
[영영] A barrier is something such as a rule, law, or policy that makes it difficult or impossible for something to happen or be achieved.
[영한] ① (통행을 막는) 장벽 참조 crash barrier ② (어떤 일에 대한) 장애물[장벽] ③ (둘 사이를 갈라놓는) 장벽[벽] ④ (넘기 힘든) 벽[한계]
[첫뜻] anything meant to obstruct entrance
[활용] 복수형; barriers
[어근] ⑴ barr(bar); bar ⑵ ier(er); 명사 어미
[어원] barere(French), [from Anglo-French barrere]
chunk [명사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 4552] [★★] [레마] chunk
[본문] [25]If I say, 'it's raining cats and dogs' and it literally translates, 'esta lloviendo perros y gatos' in Spanish, that won't make any sense, but I think somebody at Google will have inputted the phrase, 'lueve a cantaros' which is the phrase, 'it's raining pitchers', or 'it's raining jugs of water', so that the whole chunk, 'raining cats and dogs', is translated into the equivalent metaphor in Spanish.
[영영] Chunks of something are thick solid pieces of it.
[영한] ① (두툼한) 덩어리 ② 상당히 많은 양 ③ (언어) 말모듬, 청크(언어 학습자가 한꺼번에 하나의 단위처럼 배울 수 있는 어구)
[첫뜻] short, thick piece
<동사> ① (몇 개의) 덩어리로 나누다 ② …에서 덩어리를 제거하다 ③ 덩어리가 되다, 동강 나다
[어원] chunk(English), [probably a nasalized variant of chuck]
cortex [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] cortex
[본문] [36]So you and I with our pre-frontal cortexes can try to come up with phrases that'll flummox the computer and so keep our jobs.
[영영] the outer layer of an organ in the body and especially of the brain
[영한] (해부) (특히 대뇌) 피질
[첫뜻] outer shell, husk;
[활용] 복수형; cortices
[파생] cortical, cortically, cortex
[어원] cortex(Latin), bark(껍질)
cow [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 3103] [★★] [레마] cow
[본문] [17]a) fly in lava b) fly on a cow c) fly naked
[영영] A cow is a large female animal that is kept on farms for its milk. People sometimes refer to male and female animals of this species as cows. → see also cattle
[영한] ① 암소, 젖소 ② (코끼리고래, 그 외 일부 동물의) 암컷 ③ (여자에 대한 욕으로) 년 ④ (호주 영어, 뉴질랜드 영어) 지겨운 것
[첫뜻] female of a bovine animal
[활용] 복수형; cows
[어원] cu(Old English), cow(암소)
embarrassing [형용사] [Oxf3] [R; 5001+] [★★] [레마] embarrass < bar(빗장)
[본문] [42]Yes, if only Braniff Airlines had relied on human translators, they might have avoided an embarrassing situation.
[영영] Something that is embarrassing makes you feel shy or ashamed.
[영한] ① 난처한, 쑥스러운 ② 당혹스러운
[파생] embarrass, embarrassable, embarrassed, embarrassedly, embarrassingly, embarrassment, embarrassing
[어근] ⑴ em(in); into, upon ⑵ bar; bar ⑶ ass; 어리석은(형용사어미) ⑷ ing; 형용사/분사 어미
equivalent [형용사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 4377] [★★] [레마] equivalent < val(가치)
[본문] [25]If I say, 'it's raining cats and dogs' and it literally translates, 'esta lloviendo perros y gatos' in Spanish, that won't make any sense, but I think somebody at Google will have inputted the phrase, 'lueve a cantaros' which is the phrase, 'it's raining pitchers', or 'it's raining jugs of water', so that the whole chunk, 'raining cats and dogs', is translated into the equivalent metaphor in Spanish.
[영한] (가치의미중요도 등이) 동등한[맞먹는]
[파생] equivalence, equivalently, equivalent
<명사> (…에) 상당[대응]하는 것, 등가물
[어근] ⑴ equi(equ); equal ⑵ val; be well, be worth ⑶ ent(ant); 형용사 어미
flummox [동사] [R; 5001+] [레마] flummox
[본문] [52]And finally, if someone is flummoxed, they're so confused that they don't know what to do!
[영영] If someone is flummoxed by something, they are confused by it and do not know what to do or say.
[영한] 당황하게[혼란스럽게] 만들다
[첫뜻] The formation seems to be onomatopœic, expressive of the notion of throwing down roughly and untidily
[활용] flummoxes, flummoxing, flummoxed, flummoxed
[파생] pitchers, flummox
[어원] flummox(unknown origin)
google [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] Google
[본문] [10]Modern software like google Translate has transformed how we learn foreign languages, bringing us closer to a world where language is no longer a barrier to communication.
[영영] a popular search engine on the internet
[영한] 구글
<동사> 구글로 검색하다
[어원] google(English), 구글
heavily [부사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2384] [★★] [레마] heavy
[본문] [26]Lane wants to translate the phrase, it's raining cats and dogs, something that people sometimes say when it's raining heavily.
[영영] If someone says something heavily, they say it in a slow way which shows a feeling such as sadness, tiredness, or annoyance.
[영한] ① (양/정도가) 심하게[아주 많이] ② 세게, 힘껏 ③ 건장하게 생긴 ④ 천천히 큰 소리를 내며 ⑤ (걱정/슬픔을 드러내며) 무겁게 ⑥ (불안한 기운을 보이며) 무겁게 ⑦ 무거운 짐을 잔뜩 실은
[파생] heavily, heaviness, heavy
[유의어] heavy
[어근] ⑴ heavi(heavy); 무거운, heavy ⑵ ly; 부사 어미
input [동사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 4160] [★★] [레마] input
[본문] [25]If I say, 'it's raining cats and dogs' and it literally translates, 'esta lloviendo perros y gatos' in Spanish, that won't make any sense, but I think somebody at Google will have inputted the phrase, 'lueve a cantaros' which is the phrase, 'it's raining pitchers', or 'it's raining jugs of water', so that the whole chunk, 'raining cats and dogs', is translated into the equivalent metaphor in Spanish.
[영영] If you input information into a computer, you feed it in, for example by typing it on a keyboard.
[영한] 입력하다
[첫뜻] put on, impose
[활용] inputted input, inputted input, inputting, inputs
<명사> ① (일사업 등을 성공시키기 위한) 조언[시간/지식 등](의 제공), 투입 ② (컴퓨터) 입력 ③ 입력 장치
[구성단어] in + put
install [동사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2528] [★★] [레마] install < stall
[본문] [15]In 1987, the American airline, Braniff, ran television adverts promoting the all-leather seats installed on their flights to Mexico.
[영영] If you install a piece of equipment, you fit it or put it somewhere so that it is ready to be used.
[영한] ① (장비/가구를) 설치[설비]하다 ② (컴퓨터에 새 프로그램을) 설치하다 ③ (흔히 공식적인 의식을 거쳐) 취임시키다[임용하다] ④ (편안하게) 자리를 잡게 하다
[첫뜻] place in (ecclesiastical) office by seating in an official stall
[활용] installed, installed, installing, installs instals
[파생] install, installation, installer, installment
[유의어] put in
[어근] ⑴ in; 안(內), in ⑵ stall(stal); 좌판, stall
[어원] installare(Latin), [in+stallum]
jug [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] jug
[본문] [25]If I say, 'it's raining cats and dogs' and it literally translates, 'esta lloviendo perros y gatos' in Spanish, that won't make any sense, but I think somebody at Google will have inputted the phrase, 'lueve a cantaros' which is the phrase, 'it's raining pitchers', or 'it's raining jugs of water', so that the whole chunk, 'raining cats and dogs', is translated into the equivalent metaphor in Spanish.
[영영] ① a large, deep container with a narrow opening and a handle
② pitcher
③ the amount held by a jug
[영한] ① (액체를 담아 부을 수 있게 주둥이가 있고 손잡이가 달린) 주전자[병] ② (목이 짧고 주둥이는 작으며 손잡이가 달린) 항아리[단지] ③ 항아리[단지](에 들어가는 양)
[첫뜻] deep vessel for carrying liquids, usually with a handle or ear,
[활용] 복수형; jugs
<동사> ① 물병에 담다[넣다] ② (토끼 고기 등을) 단지[질냄비]에 넣고 삶다 ③ 감옥에 처넣다(imprison), [속어] (맥주/포도주를) 따르다, 마시다
[어원] jug(Middle English), a low woman, a maidservant [a familiar alteration of Jug, a common personal name such as Joan or Judith]
lava [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] lava
[본문] [17]a) fly in lava b) fly on a cow c) fly naked
[영영] melted rock from a volcano
[영한] ① 용암 ② (식어서 굳은) 용암
[첫뜻] molten rock issuing from a volcano
[파생] lavalike, lava
[어근] lava(lav); 씻다, wash
[어원] lava(Italian), [from Latin lavare] torrent, stream
leather [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2967] [레마] leather
[본문] [16]But how was its "fly in leather" advertising slogan mistranslated into Spanish?
[영영] animal skin that is chemically treated to preserve it and that is used in making clothes, shoes, furniture, etc.
[영한] ① (무두질을 거친) 가죽 ② (특히 오토바이를 타는 사람들이 입는) 가죽옷
[첫뜻] tanned or otherwise dressed hide or skin of an animal,
[활용] 복수형; leathers
[파생] leather
<동사> ① …에 가죽을 붙이다[대다]. ② 무두질하다. ③ 가죽끈으로 때리다 <형용사> ① 가죽(제)의 ② 변태 성욕자의
[어원] leðer(Old English), tanned or otherwise dressed hide or skin of an animal
literally [부사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 2492] [★★] [레마] liter-
[본문] [25]If I say, 'it's raining cats and dogs' and it literally translates, 'esta lloviendo perros y gatos' in Spanish, that won't make any sense, but I think somebody at Google will have inputted the phrase, 'lueve a cantaros' which is the phrase, 'it's raining pitchers', or 'it's raining jugs of water', so that the whole chunk, 'raining cats and dogs', is translated into the equivalent metaphor in Spanish.
[영영] You can use literally to emphasize a statement. Some careful speakers of English think that this use is incorrect.
[영한] ① 문자[말] 그대로 ② (전달하는 사실을 강조하여) 그야말로 ③ (어구를 강조하여) 정말로[완전히]
[파생] literal, literality, literalness, letter, literally
[유의어] exactly
[어근] ⑴ liter; 문자, letter ⑵ al; 형용사 어미 ⑶ ly; 부사 어미
manually [부사] [R; 5001+] [레마] manu
[본문] [24]Here he explains to BBC Radio 4 programme, Word of Mouth, how apps like Google Translate allow users to manually translate metaphors:
[영영] manual + ly
[영한] 수작업으로
[파생] manually, manual
[어근] ⑴ manu; 손, hand ⑵ al; 형용사 어미 ⑶ ly; 부사 어미
memorise [동사] [R; 5001+] [레마] memor
[본문] [51]Rote learning involves memorising information which you repeat but don't really understand.
[영영] If you memorize something, you learn it so that you can remember it exactly.
[영한] 암기하다
[활용] memorised memorised memorising memorises
[파생] memorial, memorisable, memorisation, memoriser, memorizable, memorization, memorize, memorizer, memory, memorise
[어근] ⑴ memor; 생각, 기억, remember ⑵ ise; 동사 어미
[BRIT][AM→memorize]
metaphor [명사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 3964] [★] [레마] metaphor < phore
[본문] [22]That worked fine for simple words and phrases, but what happens when a translator comes across more complex language, for example metaphors - expressions used to describe one thing by comparing it to another.
[영영] A metaphor is an imaginative way of describing something by referring to something else which is the same in a particular way. For example, if you want to say that someone is very shy and frightened of things, you might say that they are a mouse.
[영한] 은유, 비유
[첫뜻] figure of speech by which a characteristic of one object is assigned to another, different but resembling it or analogous to it; comparison by transf
[활용] 복수형; metaphors
[파생] metaphor, metaphoric, metaphorical, metaphorically, metaphoricalness
[유의어] conceit(비유)
[어근] ⑴ meta; over ⑵ phor(phore); carry
[어원] metaphora(Greek), [from metapherein] a transfer; (literally) a carrying over
mistranslate [동사] [R; 5001+] [레마] translate < trans
[본문] [16]But how was its "fly in leather" advertising slogan mistranslated into Spanish?
[영영] translate (something) incorrectly
[영한] 오역하다
[파생] mistranslation, mistranslate
[어근] ⑴ mis; 잘못 ⑵ trans; 건너가다, across ⑶ late; ~로 전달된[제공된], carried
mistranslation [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] translate < trans
[본문] [14]The translation app I used just now is very recent, but there's a long history of computer mistranslations - times when computers got it badly wrong.
[영영] a mistake in translating; an incorrect translation
[영한] 오역
[활용] 복수형; mistranslations
[파생] mistranslation, mistranslate
[어근] ⑴ mis; 잘못 ⑵ trans; 건너가다, across ⑶ lat(late); ~로 전달된[제공된], carried ⑷ ion; 명사 어미
novelty [명사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] novel < nov
[본문] [34]I hear you, and in a war against the machines, our advantage is novelty and creativity.
[영영] Novelty is the quality of being different, new, and unusual.
[영한] ① 새로움, 참신함, 신기함 ② 새로운[참신한/신기한] 사람[것] ③ 자그마한 싸구려 장난감[장식품]
[활용] 복수형; novelties
[파생] novelize, novelty, novel
[어근] ⑴ nov; 새로운 것, new things ⑵ el(le); 지소 어미 ⑶ ty(ity); 명사 어미
pitcher [명사] [Rank; 3510] [레마] pitcher
[본문] [25]If I say, 'it's raining cats and dogs' and it literally translates, 'esta lloviendo perros y gatos' in Spanish, that won't make any sense, but I think somebody at Google will have inputted the phrase, 'lueve a cantaros' which is the phrase, 'it's raining pitchers', or 'it's raining jugs of water', so that the whole chunk, 'raining cats and dogs', is translated into the equivalent metaphor in Spanish.
[영영] ① a container with a lip and handle that is used for holding and pouring out liquids (called also (British) jug see picture at PLACE SETTING
② the amount held by a pitcher
③ jug
[영한] ① 물 주전자(귀처럼 생긴 손잡이와 주둥이가 달려 있음) ② 주머니 모양의 잎
[첫뜻] jug with an open spout and generally a handle,
[활용] 복수형; pitchers
[파생] pitchers, flummox
[유의어] nude
[어원] bikos(Greek), earthen vessel
poet [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2947] [★★] [레마] poet
[본문] [30]But what happens when someone like a poet writes a completely new sentence which has never been written before?
[영영] A poet is a person who writes poems.
[영한] 시인
[첫뜻] a poet, a singer
[활용] 복수형; poets
[파생] poem, poet, poetic, poetical, poetically, poeticize, poetize, poetry
[어근] poet(poie); 창조하다, make, create
poetry [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2984] [★★] [레마] poet
[본문] [33]Sorry, I'm sticking up for poetry here and trying to claim that it's untranslatable - can you hear what I'm doing?
[영영] Poems, considered as a form of literature, are referred to as poetry.
[영한] ① (집합적으로) 시, 시가 ② (호감) 우아함, 우아한 아름다움
[첫뜻] poetry; a poem; ancient literature; poetical works, fables, or tales
[활용] [U]
[파생] poet, poetic, poetical, poetize, poetry
[유의어] verse
[어근] ⑴ poet(poie); maker, create ⑵ ry(ery); 성질(명사 어미)
pre-frontal [형용사] [R; 5001+] [레마] pre-frontal
[본문] [36]So you and I with our pre-frontal cortexes can try to come up with phrases that'll flummox the computer and so keep our jobs.
[구성단어] pre + frontal
properly [부사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2902] [★★] [레마] proper
[본문] [38]Computers can only learn by rote - by memory in order to repeat information rather than to properly understand it.
[영영] If something is done properly, it is done in a correct and satisfactory way.
[영한] ① 제대로, 적절히 ② (사회적/도덕적으로) 올바로[제대로/예의 바르게] ③ 실은, 사실
[파생] properly, properness, propriety, proper
[반의어] improperly(올바로)
[어근] ⑴ proper(propri); one’s own ⑵ ly; 부사어미
regularly [부사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2842] [★★] [레마] regular < regul
[본문] [29]This works for phrases and idioms that people regularly use in the same way because they can be taught to a computer.
[영한] ① 정기[규칙]적으로 ② 자주 ③ 규칙적으로, 균형이 맞게
[파생] regularity, regularly, regularness, regular
[어근] ⑴ regul; rule ⑵ ar; …의 성질의 (형용사어미) ⑶ ly; 부사 어미
rote [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] rote
[본문] [35]So you're right that machines will be great at anything that is rote, anything that's already been done a million times can be automated.
[영영] e process of learning something by repeating it many times without thinking about it or fully understanding it
[영한] ① (기계적인 반복에 의한) 암기 ② 기계적 방법, 기계적 기억
[첫뜻] custom, habit,
[어원] rote(Middle English), custom, habit
rules-based [형용사] [R; 5001+] [레마] rule < regul
[본문] [21]Computer software used to rely on rules-based translation, applying the grammar rules of one language to another.
[영한] 규칙 기반의
[구성단어] rules + based
scan [동사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 4070] [★★] [레마] scan < scand
[본문] [7]Don't worry, I have this new app… I just hold up my phone, scan the word I want translated, uh, 'esta lloviendo', is the Spanish for, 'it's raining'.
[영영] When you scan written material, you look through it quickly in order to find important or interesting information.
[영한] ① (특히 무엇을 찾느라고 유심히) 살피다 ② (대충) 훑어보다 ③ (엑스레이전자파초음파를 이용하여 체내 등을) 정밀 촬영[검사]하다 ④ (빛레이더 등이) (일정한 범위를) 훑다[훑고 지나가다] ⑤ (컴퓨터) (프로그램이) (바이러스가 있는지) 조사하다 ⑥ (컴퓨터) (스캐너로) 스캔하다 ⑦ (시가) 운율[운각]이 맞다
[첫뜻] mark off verse in metric feet
[활용] scanned, scanned, scanning, scans
[파생] scan, scannable, scansion, scanner
[유의어] scrutinize, glance(대충 훑어보다)
<명사> ① (엑스레이전자파초음파를 이용한 인체) 정밀 검사 ② (임신부에 대한) 초음파 검사 ③ (보통 무엇을 찾기 위해 글인쇄물을) 훑어보기
[어근] scend; 오르다, climb
[어원] scandere(Latin), to climb, rise, mount; scan verse(오르다, 증가하다, 올라타다; 시의 운율을 맞추다)
slang [명사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] slang
[본문] [46]Braniff translated its "fly in leather" slogan as fly "en cuero," which sounds like Spanish slang for "fly naked".
[영영] Slang consists of words, expressions, and meanings that are informal and are used by people who know each other very well or who have the same interests.
[영한] 속어, 은어
[첫뜻] special vocabulary of tramps or thieves
[활용] [U]
[파생] slangily, slanginess, slangy, slang
<형용사> 속어의, 속어적인
[어원] unknown origin(Middle English), 어원 모름
slogan [명사] [Oxf5] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] slogan
[본문] [16]But how was its "fly in leather" advertising slogan mistranslated into Spanish?
[영영] A slogan is a short phrase that is easy to remember. Slogans are used in advertisements and by political parties and other organizations who want people to remember what they are saying or selling.
[영한] 구호, 슬로건
[첫뜻] battle cry
[활용] 복수형; slogans
[어원] sluagh-ghairm(Gaelic), battle cry used by Scottish Highland or Irish clans
sophisticated [형용사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 3102] [★★] [레마] sophist < soph
[본문] [40]But it's completely different from human learning requiring creative thinking which would flummox - or confuse, even the most sophisticated machine.
[영영] A sophisticated machine, device, or method is more advanced or complex than others.
[영한] ① 세련된, 교양 있는 ② (기계/시스템 등이) 정교한, 복잡한 ③ (사람이) 지적인, 수준 높은
[파생] sophisticate, sophisticatedly, sophistication, sophisticator, sophisticated
[반의어] unsophisticated(지적이다)
[어근] ⑴ soph; learned; clever ⑵ ist; 사람 ⑶ ic; 형용사어미 ⑷ ate; 명사어미 ⑸ d(ed); 과거분사어미
transform [동사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2205] [★★] [레마] transform < form
[본문] [10]Modern software like Google Translate has transformed how we learn foreign languages, bringing us closer to a world where language is no longer a barrier to communication.
[영영] To transform something into something else means to change or convert it into that thing.
[영한] ① 변형시키다 ② (모습/성격을, 특히 더 좋게) 완전히 바꿔 놓다[탈바꿈시키다]
[첫뜻] change the form of
[활용] transformed, transformed, transforming, transforms
[파생] transform, transformable, transformation, transformational, transformative
[유의어] convert(변형시키다)
[어근] ⑴ trans; 건너가다, across ⑵ form; 형태
translate [동사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2753] [★★] [레마] translate < trans
[본문] [9]In this programme we're discussing language technologies - computers that can translate between languages.
[영영] If something that someone has said or written is translated from one language into another, it is said or written again in the second language.
[영한] ① 번역[통역]하다, (다른 언어로) 옮기다 ② 번역되다, 통역되다 ③ (다른 형태로) 바꾸다[옮기다], 바뀌다 ④ (특정하게) 이해[해석]하다, 뜻하다, 의미하다
[첫뜻] to remove from one place to another
[활용] translated, translated, translating, translates
[파생] translatability, translatable, translation, translate
[유의어] interpret, render
[어근] ⑴ trans; 건너가다, across ⑵ late; ~로 전달된[제공된], carried
[어원] translatus(Latin), [trans+latus, serving as past participle of transferre] carried over
translation [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 4335] [★★] [레마] translate < trans
[본문] [37]When we say machines "learn" a language, we really mean they have been trained to identify patterns in millions and millions of translations.
[영영] A translation is a piece of writing or speech that has been translated from a different language.
[영한] ① (U) 번역[통역] (과정) ② 번역[통역](된 것), 번역문[본] ③ (다른 형태로) 옮김, 변형
[첫뜻] removal of a saint's body or relics to a new place
[활용] 복수형; translations
[파생] translatability, translatable, translation, translate
[어근] ⑴ trans; 건너가다, across ⑵ lat(late); ~로 전달된[제공된], carried ⑶ ion; 명사 어미
translator [명사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] translate < trans
[본문] [42]Yes, if only Braniff Airlines had relied on human translators, they might have avoided an embarrassing situation.
[영영] A translator is a person whose job is translating writing or speech from one language to another.
[영한] 번역가, 통역사
[활용] 복수형; translators
[파생] translatorial, translator
[어근] ⑴ trans; 건너가다, across ⑵ lat(late); 운반 ⑶ or; …하는 사람[것]
untranslatable [형용사] [R; 5001+] [레마] translate < trans
[본문] [33]Sorry, I'm sticking up for poetry here and trying to claim that it's untranslatable - can you hear what I'm doing?
[영영] (of a word, phrase, or text) not able to have its sense expressed in another language
[영한] 번역할 수 없는
[어근] ⑴ un; 접두어 ⑵ trans; 건너가다, across ⑶ lat(late); ~로 전달된[제공된], carried ⑷ able; 형용사 어미
이 블로그에는 [BBC 6분 영어와 관련하여 매주 다음과 같은 글들이 게시 됩니다
- 단어공부(금주 대본에 나온 주요 어휘) 이 글입니다
- 멀티단어공부(금주 대본에 사용된 멀티단어(구동사, 숙어) 간단 정리) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 독해공부(금주 대본의 문장별 해석(직역) 자료) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 문장별 문법공부(문장별 문법 설명) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 금주의 어휘(금주 대본에 나온 금주의 어휘를 집중적으로 정리한 자료) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 항목별 문법공부(금주 대본에 나온 문법을 주제별/항목별로 정리한 자료) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 금주의 구동사(금주 대본에 사용된 구동사 상세 정리) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 금주의 PDF(금주의 PDF 및 기타 다운로드 파일) https://softca.tistory.com/1662
금주의 PDF 파일은 이곳을 클릭하세요.
새내기할배의 [영어단어공부]자료를 처음 보시는 분은 <다음> 링크를 클릭하셔서 BBC Learning English 6 Minute English [공부법]을 먼저 보시기 바랍니다
https://blog.naver.com/softca/221610250801
본 글은 Word Frequency 기준 2000순위 이하를 제외한 단어만을 수록하고 있습니다.
본 자료는 PDF 파일로 다운 받을 수 있습니다.
새내기할배 블로그가 제안하는 영어단어 암기법은 기본적으로 문장을 통해 암기하는 것입니다. 그래서 설명하는 모든 단어마다 본문도 함께 제시됩니다. 그러나 새로 나온다고 해서 모든 단어를 무한정 암기할 수는 없습니다. 그래서 암기해야 해야 할 단어와 이해만 하고 넘어갈 단어를 구분하는 지혜가 필요합니다.
[BBC Leaning English] 6 Minute English - The technology of translation에 수록된 영어단어 수는
- 고유명사를 제외하고 총 357개 입니다.
- 이중 OxFord 3000단어와 일치하는 영어단어는 340개로 95%가 해당됩니다.
- 미국의 WordFrequency 사이트에서 조사한 Top 5,000내 포함하는 영어단어는 325개로 91%가 해당됩니다.
- Naver 사전에서 [★★/매우 중요]로 분류된 영어단어는 333개로 93%가 해당됩니다.
- 세개의 기준에 모두 일치하는 영어단어는 모두 313개로 87%의 싱크로율을 보입니다.
이들 기준에 해당되는 영어단어 중 암기해야 할 단어의 수준을 각자 정하고 그 수준의 영어단어가 나오면 문장과 함께 암기하는 습관을 들이면 영어단어공부에 큰 성과를 거둘 수 있을 것입니다
6 Minute English는 BBC Learning English 사이트에서 매주 출간하는 무료 영어 교육 콘텐츠이며 오디오 파일과 대본(Script) 파일을 제공합니다. 
