Millions of people have tried to trace their family history and discover how their ancestors lived hundreds of years ago. And one of the most useful documents for research is the census. What is a census for? Why was it created? That's what Neil and Sam discuss as they teach you related vocabulary.
수백만 명의 사람들이 가족 역사를 추적하고 수백 년 전에 조상이 어떻게 살았는지 알아내려고 노력했습니다. 그리고 연구에 가장 유용한 문서 중 하나는 센서스입니다. 무엇을 위한 센서스입니까? 왜 만들어졌을까요? Neil과 Sam이 관련 어휘를 가르칠 때 토론하는 내용입니다.
새내기할배 블로그가 제안하는 영어단어 암기법은 기본적으로 문장을 통해 암기하는 것입니다. 그래서 설명하는 모든 단어마다 본문도 함께 제시됩니다. 그러나 새로 나온다고 해서 모든 단어를 무한정 암기할 수는 없습니다. 그래서 암기해야 해야 할 단어와 이해만 하고 넘어갈 단어를 구분하는 지혜가 필요합니다.
[BBC Leaning English] 6 Minute English - Making sense of the census에 수록된 영어단어 수는
- 고유명사를 제외하고 총 361개 입니다.
- 이중 OxFord 3000단어와 일치하는 영어단어는 347개로 96%가 해당됩니다.
- 미국의 WordFrequency 사이트에서 조사한 Top 5,000내 포함하는 영어단어는 338개로 94%가 해당됩니다.
- Naver 사전에서 [★★/매우 중요]로 분류된 영어단어는 345개로 96%가 해당됩니다.
- 세개의 기준에 모두 일치하는 영어단어는 모두 331개로 92%의 싱크로율을 보입니다.
이들 기준에 해당되는 영어단어 중 암기해야 할 단어의 수준을 각자 정하고 그 수준의 영어단어가 나오면 문장과 함께 암기하는 습관을 들이면 영어단어공부에 큰 성과를 거둘 수 있을 것입니다
이 블로그에는 [BBC 6분 영어와 관련하여 매주 다음과 같은 글들이 게시 됩니다
- 단어공부(금주 대본에 나온 주요 어휘) 이 글입니다
- 멀티단어공부(금주 대본에 사용된 멀티단어(구동사, 숙어) 간단 정리) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 독해공부(금주 대본의 문장별 해석(직역) 자료) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 문장별 문법공부(문장별 문법 설명) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 금주의 어휘(금주 대본에 나온 금주의 어휘를 집중적으로 정리한 자료) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 항목별 문법공부(금주 대본에 나온 문법을 주제별/항목별로 정리한 자료) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 금주의 구동사(금주 대본에 사용된 구동사 상세 정리) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
ancestor [명사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 4178] [★★] [레마] ancestor < cede
[본문] [6]Millions have tried to trace their family history and discover how their ancestors lived hundreds of years ago.
[영영] Your ancestors are the people from whom you are descended.
[영한] ⒨ ① (사람의) 조상, 선조 ② (동물의) 조상 ③ (기계의) 원형[전신]
[첫뜻] one from whom a person is descended
[활용] 복수형; ancestors
[파생] ancestral, ancestor
[유의어] forebear(조상), forerunner(원형)
[어근] ⑴ an(ante); 앞, before ⑵ cest(cede); 가다 ⑶ or; 사람(명사어미)
appetite [명사] [Oxf5] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] appetite < pete
[본문] [51]That's all for our six-minute look at the census, but if we've whetted your appetite for more why not check out the whole episode - it's available now on the website of BBC World Service programme, The Forum.
[영영] Your appetite is your desire to eat.
[영한] ⒨ ① 식욕 ② 욕구
[첫뜻] craving for food
[활용] 복수형; appetites
[어근] ⑴ ap(ad); 향하여, 첨가, to ⑵ pete; 찾다 ⑶ ite; 명사 어미
census [명사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] census
[본문] [18]Now, although the first British census took place in 1801, other censuses have a much longer history.
[영영] A census is an official survey of the population of a country that is carried out in order to find out how many people live there and to obtain details of such things as people's ages and jobs.
[활용] 복수형; censuses
[파생] censual, census
[어근] census(cens); assess
[어원] census(Latin), [past participle of censere ] the enrollment of the names and property assessments of all Roman citizens
clerk [명사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 3914] [★★] [레마] clerk
[본문] [32]The 1890 census of the United States was the first in which some kind of electro-mechanical process was used to count people… so instead of armies of clerks reading off census schedules and tabulating these things by hand, for the first time an individual census record would be punched onto a card… so that there were holes in this card representing different characteristics of the person and then those cards could be fed through a machine.
[영영] A clerk is a person who works in an office, bank, or law court and whose job is to look after the records or accounts.
[영한] ⒨ ① (회사의) 사무원[직원], (가게의) 점원[직원] 참조 filing clerk ② (의회법원 등의) 서기 참조 county clerk, parish clerk, clerk of works ③ 상호참조 shop assistant ④ (호텔) 접수계 직원 유의어 receptionist
[첫뜻] man ordained in the ministry, a priest, an ecclesiastic,
[활용] 복수형; clerks
[파생] clerical, clerkdom, clerkish, clerklike, clerkship, clerk
[유의어] receptionist
<동사> 사무원[점원]으로 일하다
[어원] klerikos(Greek), [from kleros] belonging to the Christian clergy
column [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2091] [★★] [레마] column
[본문] [34]Thousands of clerks would record the information gathered in the census and tabulate it, in other words, show the information in the form of a table with rows and columns.
[영영] A column is a tall, often decorated cylinder of stone which is built to honour someone or forms part of a building.
[영한] ⒨ ① (보통 원형 석조) 기둥[원주], (둥근 기둥 모양의) 기념비 ② 기둥 (모양의 것) ③ (인쇄된 페이지의) 세로단 ④ (신문/잡지의) 정기 기고란[칼럼] ⑤ (페이지 아래로 나열한 숫자나 단어들의) 세로줄[열]
[첫뜻] a pillar, long, cylindrical architectural support,
[활용] 복수형; columns
[파생] columnar, columnated, columned, column
[유의어] pillar
[어원] columen(Latin), top, summit, column, pillar
commonly [부사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 3792] [★★] [레마] common
[본문] [24]And I would say that the other thing that censuses were most commonly used for was for purposes of taxation.
[영한] ⒨ 흔히, 보통
[파생] common, commonage, commonness, commonly
[유의어] often
[어근] ⑴ common(commun); 보통의, 공공의, common ⑵ ly; 부사어미
conscription [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] conscript < script
[본문] [23]One was in order to figure out who could fight in wars, so basically military conscription and in order to find out who could fight in wars ancient governments like the Roman Empire had to find out how many men of a certain age there were.
[영영] Conscription is officially making people in a particular country join the armed forces.
[영한] ⒨ 징병제
[첫뜻] a putting in writing, a written record,
[활용] [U]
[파생] conscriptional, conscriptionist, conscription
[유의어] call-up
[어근] ⑴ con(com); 함께, with ⑵ script(scrib); 기록, write ⑶ ion(ation); 명사 어미
crash [동사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2859] [★★] [레마] crash
[본문] [11]In 2002, when census records from a hundred years before became available online, so many people rushed to their computers to access them that the website crashed!
[영영] If a moving vehicle crashes or if the driver crashes it, it hits something and is damaged or destroyed.
[영한] ⒨ ① (차량이나 운전자가) 충돌하다[들이받다], (항공기가) 추락하다 ② (움직이는 뭔가가[를] 굉음과 함께) 부딪치다[박살나다/박살내다] ③ 굉음[요란한 소리]을 내다 ④ (물가주가사업체 등이) 폭락[붕괴/도산]하다 ⑤ (컴퓨터가) 갑자기 서 버리다[고장 나다], (컴퓨터를) 고장 내다
[첫뜻] break in pieces; make a loud, clattering sound
[활용] crashed, crashed, crashing, crashes
<명사> ① (자동차 충돌항공기 추락) 사고 ② (무엇이 떨어지거나 부서질 때 나는) 요란한 소리, 굉음 ③ (가격가치의) 폭락[붕괴], (사업) 실패, 도산 <형용사> (빠른 결과를 얻기 위한) 단기 집중적인 <부사> 요란스러운 소리를 내며
[어원] crash(imitative/echoic)
difficult-to-organise [형용사] [R; 5001+] [레마] organ
[본문] [28]Ancient and early modern censuses were large and difficult-to-organise projects.
[영한] ⒨ 조직화하기 어려운, 준비하기 어려운
[구성단어] difficult + to + organise
EastEnder [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] east
[본문] [44]And no-one was more surprised that he was related to royalty than the EastEnders actor himself!
[영한] ⒨ 이스트엔더, 동부 지역 사람, 노동자 계층
[활용] 복수형; EastEnders
[구성단어] EastEnd + er
economist [명사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 3019] [★★] [레마] economy < eco
[본문] [31]Here's statistician and economist Andrew Whitby explaining how this happened in the US to BBC World Service programme, The Forum:
[영영] An economist is a person who studies, teaches, or writes about economics.
[영한] ⒨ 경제학자, 경제 전문가
[활용] 복수형; economists
[어근] ⑴ eco; 집 ⑵ nom(nomy); managing ⑶ ist; …하는 사람
electro-mechanical [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] mechanic
[본문] [32]The 1890 census of the United States was the first in which some kind of electro-mechanical process was used to count people… so instead of armies of clerks reading off census schedules and tabulating these things by hand, for the first time an individual census record would be punched onto a card… so that there were holes in this card representing different characteristics of the person and then those cards could be fed through a machine.
[영한] ⒨ (원자력용어) 전기(電氣)-기계(機械), 기전(機電)
[구성단어] electro + mechanical
electronically [부사] [R; 5001+] [레마] electron < electr
[본문] [35]The US census of 1890 was the first to use machines, and many censuses today are electronically updated to record new trends and shifts in populations as they happen.
[영영] electronical + ly
[영한] ⒨ 전자(공학)적으로, 컴퓨터로
[파생] electronic, electronically, electron
[어근] ⑴ electr; amber, 전기 ⑵ on(ation); 명사 어미 ⑶ ical(ic); 형용사 어미 ⑷ ly; 부사 어미
empire [명사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 4260] [★★] [레마] empire < pare
[본문] [23]One was in order to figure out who could fight in wars, so basically military conscription and in order to find out who could fight in wars ancient governments like the Roman empire had to find out how many men of a certain age there were.
[영영] An empire is a number of individual nations that are all controlled by the government or ruler of one particular country.
[영한] ⒨ ① 제국 ② 기업 왕국, 거대 기업
[첫뜻] territory subject to an emperor's rule;
[어근] ⑴ em(en); 안에 두다, in, 하게하다 ⑵ pire(pare); 준비
[어원] imperium(Latin), from imperare; a rule, a command; authority, control, power; supreme power, sole dominion; military authority; a dominion, realm
episode [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2869] [★★] [레마] episode < sode
[본문] [51]That's all for our six-minute look at the census, but if we've whetted your appetite for more why not check out the whole episode - it's available now on the website of BBC World Service programme, The Forum.
[영영] You can refer to an event or a short period of time as an episode if you want to suggest that it is important or unusual, or has some particular quality.
[영한] ⒨ ① (사람의 인생/소설 등에서 중요하거나 재미있는) 사건[에피소드] ② (라디오/텔레비전 연속 프로의) 1회 방송분
[첫뜻] commentary between two choric songs in a Greek tragedy
[유의어] incident
[어근] ⑴ epi; 주위, 위 ⑵ sode(od); 길(way)
forum [명사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 4759] [★] [레마] forum
[본문] [21]Here's Dr Kathrin Levitan, author of a book on the cultural history of the census, speaking to BBC World Service programme, The forum:
[영영] A forum is a place, situation, or group in which people exchange ideas and discuss issues, especially important public issues.
[영한] ⒨ ① 포럼, (토론의) 장, 토론회 ② (고대 로마의) 포럼[광장]
[활용] 복수형; forums fora
[어근] forum(fores); 문밖, outside
freely [부사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 4846] [★★] [레마] free
[본문] [36]In fact, so much personal information is now freely available through social media and the internet that some people have questioned the need for having a census at all.
[영영] Freely means many times or in large quantities.
[영한] ⒨ ① 자유롭게 ② 막힘없이, 방해받지 않고 ③ 거리낌없이, 노골적으로 ④ 마음놓고 ⑤ 기꺼이, 너그럽게
[파생] free, freedom, freely, freeness, freer
[유의어] readily(손쉽다)
[어근] ⑴ free; 자유, free ⑵ ly; 부사 어미
no-one [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] one
[본문] [44]And no-one was more surprised that he was related to royalty than the EastEnders actor himself!
[영한] ⒨ 아무도 …않다
[구성단어] no + one
old-fashioned [형용사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 4791] [★★] [레마] fashion < fact
[본문] [33]old-fashioned censuses were managed by clerks - office workers whose job involved keeping records.
[영영] Something such as a style, method, or device that is old-fashioned is no longer used, done, or admired by most people, because it has been replaced by something that is more modern.
[영한] ⒨ ① 옛날식의, 구식의 ② (사람이) 전통적인 사고방식을 지닌, 구식인
[파생] old-fashionedly, oldfashioned, old-fashioned
[유의어] dated(구식이다)
<명사> 위스키 칵테일의 일종
[구성단어] old + fashioned
punch [동사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 4393] [★★] [레마] punch
[본문] [32]The 1890 census of the United States was the first in which some kind of electro-mechanical process was used to count people… so instead of armies of clerks reading off census schedules and tabulating these things by hand, for the first time an individual census record would be punched onto a card… so that there were holes in this card representing different characteristics of the person and then those cards could be fed through a machine.
[영영] If you punch someone or something, you hit them hard with your fist.
[영한] ⒨ ① 주먹으로 치다[때리다] ② (펀치나 뾰족한 것으로) 구멍을 뚫다[(구멍이 나도록) 찍다] ③ (컴퓨터 자판전화기 번호판 등을) 치다[누르다]
[첫뜻] to thrust, push; jostle
[활용] punched punched punching punches
[파생] puncher, punch
<명사> ① 주먹으로 한 대 침, 펀치 ② 박진감[력], 호소력 ③ (구멍을 뚫는 데 쓰는) 펀치, 천공기
[어근] punch(punct); 찌르다
[어원] ⓐpungere(Latin), to prick, pierce
ⓑpancha(Sanskrit)
royalty [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] royal
[본문] [44]And no-one was more surprised that he was related to royalty than the EastEnders actor himself!
[영영] The members of royal families are sometimes referred to as royalty.
[영한] ⒨ ① 왕족(들) ② (책의) 인세, (음악 작품 등의) 저작권 사용료[수익금] ③ (유정/광산) 사용료[특허권]
[첫뜻] office or position of a sovereign,
[활용] 복수형; royalties
[파생] royally, royalty, royal
[어근] ⑴ royal(real); 사실, real ⑵ ty; 명사 어미
[어원] regalis(Latin), regal
schedule [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2163] [★★] [레마] schedule
[본문] [32]The 1890 census of the United States was the first in which some kind of electro-mechanical process was used to count people… so instead of armies of clerks reading off census schedules and tabulating these things by hand, for the first time an individual census record would be punched onto a card… so that there were holes in this card representing different characteristics of the person and then those cards could be fed through a machine.
[영영] A schedule is a plan that gives a list of events or tasks and the times at which each one should happen or be done.
[영한] ⒨ ① (작업) 일정, 스케줄 ② [C] (美) 상호참조 timetable ③ (방송) 프로그램 편성표 ④ (가격요금 등을 나열한) 표, 명세서 ⒪ (가격요금 등을 나열한) 표, 명세서
[첫뜻] ticket, label, slip of paper with writing on it
[활용] 복수형; schedules
[파생] schedular, scheduler, schedule
[유의어] timetable
<동사> ① 일정[시간 계획]을 잡다, 예정하다 ② (공식적인) 표[목록/명세서 등]에 포함시키다[올리다]
[어원] ⓐschedula(Latin), [diminutive of Latin scheda] strip of paper
ⓑscheda(Latin), [=scida] one of the strips forming a papyrus sheet
statistician [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] statistics < state
[본문] [31]Here's statistician and economist Andrew Whitby explaining how this happened in the US to BBC World Service programme, The Forum:
[영영] A statistician is a person who studies statistics or who works using statistics.
[영한] ⒨ 통계 전문가, 통계학자
[어근] ⑴ stat(state); 상태 ⑵ istic; 형용사 어미 ⑶ ian(an); 명사 어미
tabulate [동사] [R; 5001+] [레마] table
[본문] [32]The 1890 census of the United States was the first in which some kind of electro-mechanical process was used to count people… so instead of armies of clerks reading off census schedules and tabulating these things by hand, for the first time an individual census record would be punched onto a card… so that there were holes in this card representing different characteristics of the person and then those cards could be fed through a machine.
[영영] To tabulate information means to arrange it in columns on a page so that it can be analysed.
[영한] ⒨ (자료를) 표[일람표]로 만들다
[활용] tabulated tabulated tabulating tabulates
[파생] tableful, tableless, tabulable, tabular, tabulate, tabulation, table
[어근] ⑴ tabul(table); table ⑵ ate; 동사 어미
taxation [명사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] tax
[본문] [24]And I would say that the other thing that censuses were most commonly used for was for purposes of taxation.
[영영] Taxation is the system by which a government takes money from people and spends it on things such as education, health, and defence.
[영한] ⒨ ① 조세, 세수 ② 과세제도, 세제
[활용] [U]
[파생] taxational, taxation
[어근] ⑴ tax(tact); to censure ⑵ ation; 명사 어미
tough-guy [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] tough
[본문] [16]Well, I know Danny Dyer usually plays tough-guy characters so maybe it's C), war hero Winston Churchill?
[영한] ⒨ ① 강인한[터프한] 사람, 완력이 센 사람 ② (미/속어) 무법자, 깡패
[구성단어] tough + guy
trace [동사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 3047] [★★] [레마] trace < tract
[본문] [6]Millions have tried to trace their family history and discover how their ancestors lived hundreds of years ago.
[영영] If you trace the origin or development of something, you find out or describe how it started or developed.
[영한] ⒨ ① 추적하다, (추적하여) 찾아내다 ② (기원원인을) 추적하다[(추적하여) 밝혀내다] ③ (진행발달 과정을 따라가며) 기술하다 ④ (선을) 그리다[긋다] ⑤ (무엇의 형체윤곽을) 따라가다 ⒪ (무엇의 형체윤곽을) 따라가다
[활용] traced, traced, tracing, traces
[파생] traceability, traceable, traceableness, traceably, traceless, tracelessly, trace
[유의어] track down, hint, suggestion
<명사> ① 자취, 흔적 ② 극미량, 조금 ③ (자동 기록 장치의) 기록
[어근] trace(tract); 끌다
updated [형용사] [R; 5001+] [레마] update < date
[본문] [35]The US census of 1890 was the first to use machines, and many censuses today are electronically updated to record new trends and shifts in populations as they happen.
[어근] ⑴ up; 위 ⑵ dat; 주다, give ⑶ ed; 형용사 어미
whet [동사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] whet
[본문] [51]That's all for our six-minute look at the census, but if we've whetted your appetite for more why not check out the whole episode - it's available now on the website of BBC World Service programme, The Forum.
[영한] ⒨ (욕구/흥미를) 돋우다[동하게 하다]
[첫뜻] to whet, sharpen,
[활용] whetted whetted whetting whets
[파생] whetter, whet
[어원] hwettan(Old English), [from hwæt] to whet, sharpen
새내기할배의 [영어단어공부]자료를 처음 보시는 분은 <다음> 링크를 클릭하셔서 BBC Learning English 6 Minute English [공부법]을 먼저 보시기 바랍니다
https://softca.blog.me/221610250801
본 글은 Word Frequency 기준 2000순위 이하를 제외한 단어만을 수록하고 있습니다.
본 자료는 PDF 파일로 다운 받을 수 있습니다.
6 Minute English는 BBC Learning English 사이트에서 매주 출간하는 무료 영어 교육 콘텐츠이며 오디오 파일과 대본(Script) 파일을 제공합니다. 
