6 Minute English는 BBC Learning English 사이트에서 매주 출간하는 무료 영어 교육 콘텐츠이며 오디오 파일과 대본(Script) 파일을 제공합니다.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/features/6-minute-english/ep-210401
BBC Learning English - 6 Minute English / Is English really English?
Where did today's English language really come from?
www.bbc.co.uk
Many of the English words we use today like beer, hand, mother and love have all survived from Old English. Neil and Georgina discuss where the English language we use today really comes from.
beer, hand, mother, love와 같이 오늘날 우리가 사용하는 많은 영어 단어는 모두 고대 영어에서 살아 남았습니다. Neil과 Georgina는 오늘날 우리가 사용하는 영어가 실제로 어디에서 왔는지 논의합니다.
새내기할배 블로그가 제안하는 영어단어 암기법은 기본적으로 문장을 통해 암기하는 것입니다. 그래서 설명하는 모든 단어마다 본문도 함께 제시됩니다. 그러나 새로 나온다고 해서 모든 단어를 무한정 암기할 수는 없습니다. 그래서 암기해야 해야 할 단어와 이해만 하고 넘어갈 단어를 구분하는 지혜가 필요합니다.
[BBC Leaning English] 6 Minute English - Is English really English?에 수록된 영어단어 수는
- 고유명사를 제외하고 총 325개 입니다.
- 이중 OxFord 3000단어와 일치하는 영어단어는 306개로 94%가 해당됩니다.
- 미국의 WordFrequency 사이트에서 조사한 Top 5,000내 포함하는 영어단어는 297개로 91%가 해당됩니다.
- Naver 사전에서 [★★/매우 중요]로 분류된 영어단어는 309개로 95%가 해당됩니다.
- 세개의 기준에 모두 일치하는 영어단어는 모두 290개로 89%의 싱크로율을 보입니다.
이들 기준에 해당되는 영어단어 중 암기해야 할 단어의 수준을 각자 정하고 그 수준의 영어단어가 나오면 문장과 함께 암기하는 습관을 들이면 영어단어공부에 큰 성과를 거둘 수 있을 것입니다
본 글은 Word Frequency 기준 2000순위 이하를 제외한 단어만을 수록하고 있습니다.
본 자료는 PDF 파일로 다운 받을 수 있습니다.
이 블로그에는 [BBC 6분 영어와 관련하여 매주 다음과 같은 글들이 게시 됩니다
- 단어공부(금주 대본에 나온 주요 어휘) 이 글입니다
- 멀티단어공부(금주 대본에 사용된 멀티단어(구동사, 숙어) 간단 정리) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 독해공부(금주 대본의 문장별 해석(직역) 자료) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 문장별 문법공부(문장별 문법 설명) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 금주의 어휘(금주 대본에 나온 금주의 어휘를 집중적으로 정리한 자료) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 항목별 문법공부(금주 대본에 나온 문법을 주제별/항목별로 정리한 자료) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 금주의 구동사(금주 대본에 사용된 구동사 상세 정리) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
adding [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] add
[본문] [32]Right, like adding 's' to make something plural, as in: one bird, two birds.
[영영] an act or instance of addition
[영한] ⒨ 추가
<형용사> 추가의
[어근] ⑴ add; 더하다, add, 참가하다 ⑵ ing; 접미어
arrow [명사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 4887] [★★] [레마] arrow
[본문] [67]And I also know how the English ruler, King Harold, died - shot through the eye with an arrow!
[영영] An arrow is a long thin weapon which is sharp and pointed at one end and which often has feathers at the other end. An arrow is shot from a bow.
[영한] ⒨ ① 화살 ② 화살표
[첫뜻] arrow
[활용] 복수형; arrows
[파생] arrowy, arrow
[어원] ⓐarwan(Old English), arrow
ⓑarewe(Old English), arrow
ⓒarwe(Old English), arrow
beg [동사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 3483] [★★] [레마] beg
[본문] [7]I beg your pardon, Neil?
[영영] If you beg someone to do something, you ask them very anxiously or eagerly to do it.
[영한] ⒨ ① 간청[애원]하다 ② (특히 거리에서) 구걸하다 ③ (개가 구걸하듯이) 앞 발 두 개를 들다
[첫뜻] to ask alms
[활용] begged, begged, begging, begs
[파생] beggar, beg
[유의어] entreat(간청하다), implore(간청하다)
[어원] bedecian(Old English), to beg
butter [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2424] [★★] [레마] butt
[본문] [14]No, but it's surprising how many of the words we use today have survived from Old English - beer, wine, drink, fish, bread, butter, eye, ear, mouth, head, hand, foot, life, love, laughter, mother, daughter, sister, brother, son, father - all Anglo-Saxon words!
[영영] Butter is a soft yellow substance made from cream. You spread it on bread or use it in cooking.
[영한] ⒨ ① 버터 ② 부딪치는 사람[것], 머리로 떠받는 짐승
[첫뜻] butter
[활용] [U]
[파생] butter, butterless, buttery, butt
<동사> 버터를 바르다
[어원] butere(Old English), butter, the fatty part of milk
classic [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2639] [★★] [레마] classic←class
[본문] [16]But what about the classics - Latin and Greek?
[영영] A classic is a book which is well-known and considered to be of a high literary standard. You can refer to such books generally as the classics.
[영한] ⒨ ① (책영화음악 등이) 고전, 명작 ② 전범, 모범 ③ 고대 그리스라틴학
[첫뜻] a Greek or Roman writer or work
[활용] 복수형; classics
[파생] classic, classical, classicalism, classicalist, classicality, classically, classicalness, classicize
<형용사> ① 일류의, 최고 수준의 ② 전형적인, 대표적인 ③ (스타일이) 고전적인, 유행을 안 타는
[어근] ⑴ class(cal); class ⑵ ic; 형용사 어미
conqueror [명사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] conquer
[본문] [24]Well, the year 1066 is remembered for a famous battle when the French-speaking Norman king, William the conqueror, invaded England - but what is the name of the famous battle?
[영영] The conquerors of a country or group of people are the people who have taken complete control of that country or group's land.
[영한] ⒨ 정복자
[활용] 복수형; conquerors
[파생] conquer, conquerable, conquerableness, conquering, conqueror, conquest
[어근] ⑴ con(com); intens. ⑵ quer; seek, acquire ⑶ or; 명사 어미
conquest [명사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] conquer
[본문] [66]The Battle of Hastings in 1066 played a big part in the Norman conquest and mixing French words into the language.
[영영] Conquest is the act of conquering a country or group of people.
[영한] ⒨ ① (다른 나라나 민족에 대한) 정복 ② 점령지 ③ (보통 유머) 꾐에 넘어간 연애[섹스] 상대자 ④ (힘든 일의) 정복[극복]
[활용] 복수형; conquests
[파생] conquer, conquerable, conquerableness, conquering, conqueror, conquest
[어근] ⑴ con(com); intens. ⑵ quest(quer); seek, acquire
empire [명사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 4260] [★★] [레마] empire←pare
[본문] [54]And what's extraordinary if you think about the history of English is despite the invasions by the Norse and by the Norman, and then despite the years of empire when we're bringing things back, the English that we're speaking today is still at its root Old English word, at its heart Old English word, still very much English.
[영영] An empire is a number of individual nations that are all controlled by the government or ruler of one particular country.
[영한] ⒨ ① 제국 ② 기업 왕국, 거대 기업
[첫뜻] territory subject to an emperor's rule;
[어근] ⑴ em(en); 안에 두다, in, 하게하다 ⑵ pire(pare); 준비
ending [명사] [Oxf3] [R; 5001+] [★★] [레마] end
[본문] [31]But it's not just words that survive from Anglo-Saxon, it's word endings too - the suffix, or letters added to the end of a word to modify its meaning.
[영영] You can refer to the last part of a book, story, play, or film as the ending, especially when you are considering the way that the story ends.
[영한] ⒨ ① (이야기/영화 등의) 결말 반의어 opening ② 종료, 끝 ③ (단어의) 어미
[활용] 복수형; endings
[반의어] opening(결말), opening(시작 부분)
[어근] ⑴ end; end ⑵ ing; 현재분사어미
fascinate [동사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] fascinate
[본문] [35]Poet Michael Rosen is fascinated by Old English.
[영영] If something fascinates you, it interests and delights you so much that your thoughts tend to concentrate on it.
[영한] ⒨ 마음을 사로잡다, 매혹[매료]하다
[첫뜻] bewitch, enchant
[활용] fascinated, fascinated, fascinating, fascinates
[파생] fascinate, fascinatedly, fascinatedly, fascination, fascinative, fascinated
[어근] ⑴ fascin; fascinate ⑵ ate; 동사 어미
inhabit [동사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] inhabit←habit
[본문] [53]There is a retrospective element, that we're still inhabiting that worldview, those ideas; the same words, the same simple ideas that they inhabited.
[영영] If a place or region is inhabited by a group of people or a species of animal, those people or animals live there.
[영한] ⒨ (특정 지역에) 살다[거주/서식하다]
[활용] inhabited, inhabited, inhabiting, inhabits
[파생] inhabitability, inhabitable, inhabitancy, inhabitancy, inhabitation, inhabiter, inhabit, inhabitant
[어근] ⑴ in; 안(內), in, on ⑵ hibit(hab); 갖다, 거처하다
invade [동사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 4560] [★★] [레마] invade
[본문] [24]Well, the year 1066 is remembered for a famous battle when the French-speaking Norman king, William the Conqueror, invaded England - but what is the name of the famous battle?
[영영] To invade a country means to enter it by force with an army.
[영한] ⒨ ① (군사적으로) 침입[침략]하다, 쳐들어가다[오다] ② 난입하다, 침범하다 ③ 침해하다
[첫뜻] enter in a hostile manner
[활용] invaded, invaded, invading, invades
[파생] invadable, invade, invader, invasion, invasive, invasive
<명사>
[어근] ⑴ in; in ⑵ vade; 가다, go, come
invasion [명사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 3323] [★★] [레마] invade
[본문] [18]That's also true, but the history of English is the history of invasions - you know, when the army of one country fights to enter and control another country.
[영영] If there is an invasion of a country, a foreign army enters it by force.
[영한] ⒨ ① (적군의) 침략[침입] ② (귀찮을 정도로) 몰려듦, 쇄도, 침입 ③ 침해, 침범
[활용] 복수형; invasions
[파생] invadable, invade, invader, invasion, invasive, invasive
<동사>
[어근] ⑴ in; 안(內) ⑵ vas(vade); 가다 ⑶ ion(ation); 명사 어미
kingdom [명사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 4534] [★★] [레마] king
[본문] [34]And 'dom', as in, 'freedom' and kingdom'.
[영영] A kingdom is a country or region that is ruled by a king or queen.
[영한] ⒨ ① 왕국 ② (특정한 사람/물건/사상이 독점적인 지위를 갖는) 왕국[세계] ③ (자연계를 세 가지로 구분한) …계 ④ (생물) (생물을 분류하는 가장 큰 단위인) …계
[활용] 복수형; kingdoms
[파생] kingdomless, kingdom
[유의어] realm
[어근] ⑴ kin; 혈연, family ⑵ g(ing); 명사 어미 ⑶ dom; 상태,지위,집단
lapse [동사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] lapse
[본문] [40]Most modern verbs - if we were to say, 'I texted my daughter', I mean text obviously comes from Latin… 'I tweeted' - we still lapse to the Anglo-Saxon.
[영영] If you lapse into a quiet or inactive state, you stop talking or being active.
[영한] ⒨ ① (계약합의 등의 기한이 다 되어 효력이) 소멸되다 ② 차츰 약해지다[끝나다] ③ (신앙을) 버리다
[활용] lapsed lapsed lapsing lapses
[파생] lapsable, lapsed, lapser, lapsible, lapsus, lapse
[유의어] expire
<명사> ① (특히 무엇을 잊어버리거나 부주의해서 하는 작은) 실수[과실], 깜박함 ② (두 가지 사건 사이의 시간적) 경과 ③ (보통은 행실이 바른 사람의) 일탈[탈선]
[어근] lapse(laps); 미끄러진
laughter [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 3427] [★★] [레마] laugh
[본문] [14]No, but it's surprising how many of the words we use today have survived from Old English - beer, wine, drink, fish, bread, butter, eye, ear, mouth, head, hand, foot, life, love, laughter, mother, daughter, sister, brother, son, father - all Anglo-Saxon words!
[영영] Laughter is the sound of people laughing, for example because they are amused or happy.
[영한] ⒨ 웃음, 웃기, 웃음소리
[활용] [U]
[파생] laugher, laughing, laughing, laughingly, laughter, laugh
[어근] ⑴ laugh; laugh ⑵ ter(tor); 명사 어미
mathematical [형용사] [Oxf5] [R; 5001+] [레마] mathematic
[본문] [41]And, generally when I'm speaking, just let's do it in mathematical terms, what proportion can we say is Old English?
[영영] Something that is mathematical involves numbers and calculations.
[영한] ⒨ ① 수학(상)의, 수리적(數理的)인 ② 아주 정확한, 엄밀한 ③ 있을 것 같지 않은
[어근] ⑴ mathem; 배우다, learn ⑵ atic; 명사 어미 ⑶ al; 형용사 어미
modify [동사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 3718] [★★] [레마] modify
[본문] [31]But it's not just words that survive from Anglo-Saxon, it's word endings too - the suffix, or letters added to the end of a word to modify its meaning.
[영영] If you modify something, you change it slightly, usually in order to improve it.
[영한] ⒨ ① (더 알맞도록) 수정[변경]하다, 바꾸다 ② (정도가 덜하도록) 수정[조정]하다 ③ (문법) (형용사/부사 등이 다른 어구를) 수식하다, (어구의 의미를) 한정하다
[활용] modified, modified, modifying, modifies
[파생] modifiability, modifiable, modifiableness, modification, modificative, modificatory, modificatory, modify
[유의어] adjust, adapt
[어근] ⑴ modi(mode); 양식, 측량 ⑵ fy; 만들다, 하다
nowadays [부사] [Oxf5] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] day
[본문] [13]It doesn't sound anything like the way people talk nowadays.
[영영] Nowadays means at the present time, in contrast with the past.
[영한] ⒨ 요즘에는
[첫뜻] in these times, at the present,
[유의어] today
<명사> 오늘날, 현대, 요즈음
[어근] ⑴ now; 지금, now ⑵ a; on ⑶ day; ⑷ s; 소유격 어미
pardon [동사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] pardon
[본문] [7]I beg your pardon, Neil?
[영영] If someone who has been found guilty of a crime is pardoned, they are officially allowed to go free and are not punished.
[영한] ⒨ ① (죄인에 대해) 사면하다 ② (~에 대해) ~를 용서하다
[활용] 사, pardoned pardoned pardoning pardons
[파생] pardonable, pardonably, pardonless, pardon
[유의어] excuse
<명사> ① (죄인에 대한) 사면 ② 용서 <감탄사> ① 뭐라고요(상대방의 말을 알아듣지 못했을 때 다시 말해 달라는 뜻으로 하는 말) ② 미안해요[죄송합니다](가벼운 실수 등을 했을 때 하는 말)
[어근] ⑴ par(per); 통하다(through) ⑵ don; give
parlance [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] parlance
[본문] [42]Can we say, like, about 80% in common parlance, sorry to use a French word there?
[영영] You use parlance when indicating that the expression you are using is normally used by a particular group of people.
[영한] ⒨ (특정 집단 등의) 말투[어법/용어]
[첫뜻] speaking, speech,
[활용] [U]
[어원] parlance(French), speech, gossip, debate(연설[언어 능력], 수다[잡담], 토론)
plural [명사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] plural
[본문] [32]Right, like adding 's' to make something plural, as in: one bird, two birds.
[영영] The plural of a noun is the form of it that is used to refer to more than one person or thing.
[영한] ⒨ (문법) 복수형
[파생] plurality, pluralize, plurally, plural
<형용사> ① (문법) 복수형의 ② 복수의, 다원적인
[어근] plural(plu); more
poet [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2947] [★★] [레마] poet
[본문] [35]poet Michael Rosen is fascinated by Old English.
[영영] A poet is a person who writes poems.
[영한] ⒨ 시인
[첫뜻] a poet, a singer
[활용] 복수형; poets
[파생] poem, poet, poet, poetic, poetical, poetically, poeticize, poetize, poetry
[어근] poet(poie); 창조하다, make, create
poetry [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2984] [★★] [레마] poet
[본문] [52]Well, in Old English poetry it's always raining and I suppose it's always raining today.
[영영] Poems, considered as a form of literature, are referred to as poetry.
[영한] ⒨ ① (집합적으로) 시, 시가 ② (호감) 우아함, 우아한 아름다움
[첫뜻] poetry; a poem; ancient literature; poetical works, fables, or tales
[활용] [U]
[파생] poet, poet, poetic, poetical, poetize, poetry
[유의어] verse
[어근] ⑴ poet(poie); maker, create ⑵ ry(ery); 성질(명사 어미)
proportion [명사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 3088] [★★] [레마] portion
[본문] [37]Listen out for the proportion of modern English that comes from Anglo-Saxon.
[영영] A proportion of a group or an amount is a part of it.
[영한] ⒨ ① (전체의) 부분, (전체에서 차지하는) 비율 ② (다른 것과 규모/양 등을 대조한) 비[비율] ③ (사물과 사물/부분과 전체 간의 규모/정도/중요성 등의 측면에서 본) 균형 ④ 크기, 규모 ⑤ 비례
[첫뜻] due relation of one part to another; size, extent; compartative relation in size, degree, number, etc.
[활용] 복수형; proportions
[파생] proportionability, proportionable, proportionably, proportional, proportionalist, proportionality, proportionally, proportionate, proportionment, proportion
<동사> ① 균형 잡히게 하다, 적당한 비율로 조절하다, 조화시키다 ② 할당하다, 배당하다
[어근] ⑴ pro; before ⑵ portion; 부분, part, share
reply [동사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2239] [★★] [레마] reply
[본문] [57]And Professor Orchard replies by saying that despite all the history of invasion and empire, the English we speak today is still Old English at heart - a phrase used to say what something is really like.
[영한] ⒨ ① 대답하다, 답장[답신]을 보내다, 응하다, 대응하다 ② 대응하다
[활용] replied, replied, replying, replies
[파생] replier, reply
[유의어] answer(대답하다), respond, depend
<명사> 대답, 답장, 답신, 대응
[어근] ⑴ re; 다시, 반대로, again ⑵ ply(plic); 접은, fold
retrospective [형용사] [R; 5001+] [레마] retrospective
[본문] [53]There is a retrospective element, that we're still inhabiting that worldview, those ideas; the same words, the same simple ideas that they inhabited.
[영영] Retrospective feelings or opinions concern things that happened in the past.
[영한] ⒨ ① 회고[회상]하는 ② (새로운 법률결정이) 소급 적용되는
[파생] retrospectively, retrospectiveness, retrospective
<명사> (화가의) 회고전
[어근] ⑴ retro; 뒤 ⑵ spect(spec); 보다 ⑶ ive; 형용사 어미
ruler [명사] [Oxf5] [R; 5001+] [★★] [레마] rule
[본문] [67]And I also know how the English ruler, King Harold, died - shot through the eye with an arrow!
[영영] The ruler of a country is the person who rules the country.
[영한] ⒨ ① 통치자, 지배자 ② (길이 측정/줄긋기에 쓰는) 자
[활용] 복수형; rulers
[파생] rulership, ruler
[구성단어] rule + er
suffix [명사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] suffix←fix
[본문] [36]Here he is talking about word suffixes to Oxford University professor Andy Orchard for BBC Radio 4's programme, Word of Mouth.
[영영] A suffix is a letter or group of letters, for example `-ly' or `-ness', which is added to the end of a word in order to form a different word, often of a different word class. For example, the suffix `-ly' is added to `quick' to form `quickly'. Compare affix and prefix.
[영한] ⒨ (문법) 접미사(quickly의 -ly나 sadness의 -ness처럼 한 단어의 끝에 붙어 새로운 단어가 되게 하는 말)
[활용] 복수형; suffixes
[파생] suffixal, suffixion, suffix
<동사> ① (문법) 접미사로서 붙이다 ② 뒤[끝]에 붙이다 ③ (문법) (어떤 낱말이) 접미사가 붙어 있다.
[어근] ⑴ suf(sub); 아래, sub ⑵ fix; attach
throat [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2475] [★★] [레마] throat
[본문] [8]Is something stuck in your throat?!
[영영] Your throat is the back of your mouth and the top part of the tubes that go down into your stomach and your lungs.
[영한] ⒨ ① 목구멍, 목 ② -throated [형용사에서] 목이 …한 참조 cut-throat
[파생] throaty, throat
<동사> ① …에 홈을 파다 ② 후음(喉音)으로 발음[노래]하다.
[어원] þrote(Old English), implied in þrotbolla; throat(아담의 사과라는 말에 암시된 말, 목(구명))
tweet [동사] [R; 5001+] [레마] tweet
[본문] [40]Most modern verbs - if we were to say, 'I texted my daughter', I mean text obviously comes from Latin… 'I tweeted' - we still lapse to the Anglo-Saxon.
[영한] ⒨ (작은 새가) 짹짹 울다[지저귀다]
[활용] tweeted tweeted tweeting tweets
<명사> 짹짹(작은 새가 우는 소리)
[어원] tweet(imitative/echoic), imitative of the sound made by a small bird(의성어(작은 새의 울음 소리))
worldview [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] view
[본문] [53]There is a retrospective element, that we're still inhabiting that worldview, those ideas; the same words, the same simple ideas that they inhabited.
[영영] A person's world view is the way they see and understand the world, especially regarding issues such as politics, philosophy, and religion. Many artists express their world view in their work.
[영한] ⒨ 세계관
[구성단어] world + view
새내기할배의 [영어단어공부]자료를 처음 보시는 분은 <다음> 링크를 클릭하셔서 BBC Learning English 6 Minute English [공부법]을 먼저 보시기 바랍니다
https://softca.blog.me/221610250801
