6 Minute English는 BBC Learning English 사이트에서 매주 출간하는 무료 영어 교육 콘텐츠이며 오디오 파일과 대본(Script) 파일을 제공합니다. 
From the bubonic plague and cholera to tuberculosis, pandemics have changed the ways cities have evolved. The coronavirus has been no different: with cities all over the world on lockdown, our cities have changed to become quieter and greener, with wildlife returning on an unprecedented scale. Rob and Neil discuss what this means for the future of our cities and teach you some useful vocabulary along the way.
림프절 페스트와 콜레라, 결핵에 이르기까지의 전염병으로 인해 도시가 진화하는 방식이 바뀌었습니다. 코로나 바이러스도 다르지 않았습니다. 전 세계의 도시가 폐쇄됨에 따라 우리 도시는 전례없는 규모로 돌아 오는 야생 동물과 함께 더 조용하고 친환경적으로 변했습니다. Rob과 Neil은 이것이 우리 도시의 미래에 어떤 의미인지 토론하고 그 과정에서 유용한 어휘를 가르쳐줍니다.
새내기할배 블로그가 제안하는 영어단어 암기법은 기본적으로 문장을 통해 암기하는 것입니다. 그래서 설명하는 모든 단어마다 본문도 함께 제시됩니다. 그러나 새로 나온다고 해서 모든 단어를 무한정 암기할 수는 없습니다. 그래서 암기해야 해야 할 단어와 이해만 하고 넘어갈 단어를 구분하는 지혜가 필요합니다.
[BBC Leaning English] 6 Minute English - Will Covid-19 change cities?에 수록된 영어단어 수는
- 고유명사를 제외하고 총 349개 입니다.
- 이중 OxFord 3000단어와 일치하는 영어단어는 303개로 87%가 해당됩니다.
- 미국의 WordFrequency 사이트에서 조사한 Top 5,000내 포함하는 영어단어는 295개로 85%가 해당됩니다.
- Naver 사전에서 [★★/매우 중요]로 분류된 영어단어는 300개로 86%가 해당됩니다.
- 세개의 기준에 모두 일치하는 영어단어는 모두 290개로 83%의 싱크로율을 보입니다.
이들 기준에 해당되는 영어단어 중 암기해야 할 단어의 수준을 각자 정하고 그 수준의 영어단어가 나오면 문장과 함께 암기하는 습관을 들이면 영어단어공부에 큰 성과를 거둘 수 있을 것입니다
본 글은 Word Frequency 기준 2000순위 이하를 제외한 단어만을 수록하고 있습니다.
본 자료는 PDF 파일로 다운 받을 수 있습니다.
이 블로그에는 [BBC 6분 영어와 관련하여 매주 다음과 같은 글들이 게시 됩니다
- 단어공부(금주 대본에 나온 주요 어휘) 이 글입니다
- 멀티단어공부(금주 대본에 사용된 멀티단어(구동사, 숙어) 간단 정리) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 독해공부(금주 대본의 문장별 해석(직역) 자료) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 문장별 문법공부(문장별 문법 설명) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 금주의 어휘(금주 대본에 나온 금주의 어휘를 집중적으로 정리한 자료) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 항목별 문법공부(금주 대본에 나온 문법을 주제별/항목별로 정리한 자료) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
- 금주의 구동사(금주 대본에 사용된 구동사 상세 정리) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
affordable [형용사] [Oxford5000] [Rank; 5001+] [★★] [레마] afford
[본문] Other countries want to build better, more affordable housing outside the city centre.
[영영] If something is affordable, most people have enough money to buy it.
[영한] ⒨ 줄 수 있는, 입수 가능한, (가격이) 알맞은
[파생] affordability, affordable, afford
<명사> 감당할 수 있는 물건[비용]
[어근] ⑴ afford; 제안하다, 더 멀리에 ⑵ able(hab); 형용사 어미
airborne [형용사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] air
[본문] Unlike cholera, which was eliminated in London by re-designing the sewage system in the 1850s, TB was airborne.
[영영] If an aircraft is airborne, it is in the air and flying.
[영한] ⒨ ① (비행기나 승객이) 비행 중인, 하늘에 떠 있는 ② 공기로 운반되는 ③ (군인이) 공수 훈련을 받은
[첫뜻] carried through the air
<명사> 공정대, 공수 부대.
[어근] ⑴ air(aero); 공기, 항공 ⑵ borne; 운반되는, 태어난
antibiotic [형용사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] biotic
[본문] It became a real problem with the rise of the industrial cities, the metropolis, before an antibiotic was effective.
[영한] ⒨ (생화학) 항생 (작용)의, 항생 물질의
[파생] antibiotically, antibiotics, antibiotic
<명사> 항생제, 항생물질
[어근] ⑴ anti; 항(抗), against ⑵ biot(bio); 생명 ⑶ ic; 형용사어미
antibiotics [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] antibiotics
[본문] Adding to the problem was the fact that antibiotics - medicines like penicillin that can destroy harmful bacteria or stop their growth - was not discovered until 1928 - too late to save the thousands of people who died in Mumbai, New York, Paris and other cities during the 1800s.
[영한] ⒨ (영양학) 항생물질 (抗生物質)
[파생] antibiotically, antibiotics, antibiotic
[어근] ⑴ anti; 항(抗), against ⑵ biot(bio); 생명 ⑶ ics; …학(學), …활동
approximately [부사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 2386] [★★] [레마] approximate
[본문] One of the cities most affected by Covid-19 was Mumbai in India - but approximately how many people were affected?
[영한] ⒨ 거의 (정확하게), …가까이
[파생] approximate, approximation, approximative, approximately
[유의어] about
[어근] ⑴ ap(ad); to ⑵ proxim(proach); near ⑶ ate; 접미사 ⑷ ly; 접미사
architect [명사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 3393] [★] [레마] architect
[본문] Closely packed tenements meant the disease spread like wildfire and architects and planning experts responded.
[영영] An architect is a person who designs buildings.
[영한] ⒨ ① 건축가 ② (사상/행사 등의) 설계자[건설자]
[첫뜻] person skilled in the art of building, one who plans and designs buildings and supervises their construction
[활용] 복수형; architects
[파생] architect, architectonic, architectural, architecturally, architecture
[어근] ⑴ archi(arch); 지도자,lead, rule ⑵ tect; 덮힌
architecture [명사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 3541] [★★] [레마] architect
[본문] Now, Beatriz Colomina is a professor of architecture at Princeton University in the United States.
[영영] Architecture is the art of planning, designing, and constructing buildings.
[영한] ⒨ ① 건축학[술] ② 건축 양식 ③ (컴퓨터) 아키텍처, 컴퓨터 시스템의 구성
[첫뜻] the art of building, tasteful application of scientific and traditional rules of good construction to the materials at hand,
[활용] uncountable noun
[파생] architect, architectonic, architectural, architecturally, architecture
[어근] ⑴ archi(arch); 지도자,lead, rule ⑵ tect; 덮힌 ⑶ ure; 명사 어미
bacterium [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] bacterium
[본문] Adding to the problem was the fact that antibiotics - medicines like penicillin that can destroy harmful bacteria or stop their growth - was not discovered until 1928 - too late to save the thousands of people who died in Mumbai, New York, Paris and other cities during the 1800s.
[영영] Bacterium is the singular of bacteria.
[영한] ⒨ 박테리아, 세균, 간균(桿菌).
[활용] 복수형; bacteria
[유의어] microbe(박테리아)
[어원] baktron(Greek), stick, rod, staff, cudgel
birdsong [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] birdsong
[본문] In lockdown, cities from Rio to Barcelona were transformed as wildlife and birdsong replaced the noise of taxi horns and traffic.
[영영] Birdsong is the sound of a bird or birds calling in a way which sounds musical.
[영한] ⒨ 새소리, 새의 지저귐
[활용] uncountable noun
[구성단어] bird + song
bubonic [형용사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] bubonic
[본문] From the bubonic plague to cholera and tuberculosis, disease and pandemics have changed the way cities have been built.
[영한] ⒨ ① 서혜 임파선종의 ② (병리) 서혜선종을 일으키는, 가래톳의.
[첫뜻] characterized by swelling in the groin
[어원] boubon(Greek), the groin; swelling in the groin(사타구니, 사타구니의 부어오른 것)
centre [명사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 5001+] [★★] [BRIT][AM→center] [레마] centre
[본문] Other countries want to build better, more affordable housing outside the city centre.
[영영] A centre is a building where people have meetings, take part in a particular activity, or get help of some kind.
[영한] ⒨ ① 중심, 중앙, 가운데 ② 도심지, 중심가 ③ (문화사업 등의) 중심지 ④ 센터(특정 목적이나 활동을 위한 건물 또는 장소) ⑤ (특정 활동의) 뛰어난 중심지
[첫뜻] middle point of a circle; point round which something revolves
[활용] 복수형; centres
<동사> 중앙에 놓다
[어근] centre(center); 중심
center [동사] [Rank; 531] [★★] [AM][BRIT→centre] [레마] center
[본문] Other countries want to build better, more affordable housing outside the city centre.
[영한] ⒨ 중앙에 놓다
[첫뜻] to concentrate at a center
[활용] centered, centered, centering, centers
[파생] center, centralize, centrally, central
<명사> ① 중심, 중앙, 가운데 ② 도심지, 중심가 ③ (문화사업 등의) 중심지
[어근] center; 중심
chemicals [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] chemic
[본문] Antibiotics - medicinal chemicals like penicillin which can destroy harmful germs, couldn't help because they weren't discovered until decades later.
[영한] ⒨ (작물학) 화학 약품(化學藥品)
[활용] [PL]
[어근] ⑴ chem(chemo); of alchemy ⑵ ical(ic); 형용사어미 ⑶ s; 명사 복수어미
cholera [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [★] [레마] cholera
[본문] From the bubonic plague to cholera and tuberculosis, disease and pandemics have changed the way cities have been built.
[영영] Cholera is a serious disease that often kills people. It is caused by drinking infected water or by eating infected food.
[영한] ⒨ 콜레라
[첫뜻] bile, melancholy
[활용] uncountable noun
[파생] choleroid, cholera
[어원] kholera(Greek), a type of disease characterized by diarrhea, supposedly caused by bile
commute [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] commute
[본문] When you shift them out, you're moving them away from their livelihoods and they're not going to be able to sustain themselves there so they will be coming back because their jobs are in the city and they cannot afford the commute from further off places.
[영영] A commute is the journey that you make when you commute.
[영한] ⒨ 통근 (거리)
[파생] commutability, commutable, commutableness, commute
<동사> ① 통근하다 ② 감형하다 ③ (금융) (지불 방식을) 대체하다
[어근] ⑴ com; 함께, with ⑵ mute(mut); 변화
coronavirus [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] virus
[본문] coronavirus has been no different.
[영영] a type of airborne virus accounting for 10-30% of all colds
[영한] ⒨ (의학) 코로나바이러스
[활용] 복수형; coronaviruses
[어근] ⑴ corona(coron); crown ⑵ virus; poison, venom
crowded [형용사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 4792] [★★] [레마] crowd
[본문] Dr Vaidehi Tandel there, talking on the BBC World Service programme The Inquiry.Trying to make cities less crowded is one way to minimise the risks from disease.
[영영] If a place is crowded, it is full of people.
[영한] ⒨ ① (사람들이) 붐비는, 복잡한 ② …이 가득한[빡빡한]
[파생] crowded, crowdedly, crowdedness, crowder, crowd
[유의어] packed
[어근] ⑴ crowd; 가득 메우다 ⑵ ed; 과거분사 어미
dense [형용사] [Oxford5000] [Rank; 4918] [★] [레마] dense
[본문] One in seven people on the planet had TB, but in dense cities like Paris, it was one in three.
[영영] Something that is dense contains a lot of things or people in a small area.
[영한] ⒨ ① 빽빽한, 밀집한 ② (앞이 안 보이게) 짙은[자욱한] ③ 멍청한 ④ 난해한, 복잡한 ⑤ 밀도가 높은
[첫뜻] closely compacted, thick
[파생] dense, densely, denseness, densify, density
[유의어] thick
[어근] dense(dens); 두꺼운, 복잡한
earning [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [★] [레마] earn
[본문] But moving people away from the city centre means moving them away from their livelihood - their job or other way of earning money to pay for food, housing and clothing.
[영한] ⒨ ① (일하여) 벌기, 획득 ② 소득, 수입, 번 것
[활용] 복수형; earnings
[어근] ⑴ earn; earn ⑵ ing; 동명사어미(명사어미)
germ [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [★] [레마] germ
[본문] Antibiotics - medicinal chemicals like penicillin which can destroy harmful germs, couldn't help because they weren't discovered until decades later.
[영영] A germ is a very small organism that causes disease.
[영한] ⒨ ① 세균, 미생물 ② (발생/발달의) 기원[초기] ③ (생물) (생물의) 싹[배아]
[첫뜻] bud, sprout
[활용] 복수형; Germs
[파생] germinant, germinate, germless, germ
[유의어] microbe(세균)
[어근] germ; sprout, 싹이 나다
harmful [형용사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 5001+] [★★] [레마] harm
[본문] Adding to the problem was the fact that antibiotics - medicines like penicillin that can destroy harmful bacteria or stop their growth - was not discovered until 1928 - too late to save the thousands of people who died in Mumbai, New York, Paris and other cities during the 1800s.
[영영] Something that is harmful has a bad effect on something else, especially on a person's health.
[영한] ⒨ (특히 사람의 건강/환경에) 해로운[유해한]
[파생] harmer, harmful, harmfully, harmfulness, harm
[유의어] injurious(해롭다)
<명사> 유해물, 유해 폐기물.
[어근] ⑴ harm; harm ⑵ ful; ~이 가득한(형용사어미)
high-up [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] high-up
[본문] For example, buildings in 19th century Paris were designed with large, high-up windows to allow plenty of sunlight.
[영영] A high-up is an important person who has a lot of authority and influence.
[영한] ⒨ 지위[신분]가 높은 사람, 요인(要人)
[구성단어] high + up
housing [명사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 2166] [★★] [레마] house
[본문] Other countries want to build better, more affordable housing outside the city centre.
[영영] You refer to the buildings in which people live as housing when you are talking about their standard, price, or availability.
[영한] ⒨ ① 주택(특히 주택의 형태/가격/상태와 관련해서 언급할 때 씀) ② 주택 공급 ③ 하우징(기계 부품을 덮는 단단한 덮개)
[활용] 복수형; housings
[유의어] bury(하우징)
[어근] ⑴ house; 집, 거주하다 ⑵ ing; 형용사 어미
hygiene [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [★] [레마] hygiene
[본문] Some diseases, like cholera, could be prevented by redesigning cities to improve hygiene, like the waste water sewers in 19th century London.
[영영] Hygiene is the practice of keeping yourself and your surroundings clean, especially in order to prevent illness or the spread of diseases.
[영한] ⒨ 위생
[첫뜻] the healthful art
[활용] uncountable noun
[파생] hygienic, hygiene
[어근] hygiene(hygie); healthy
idiom [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [★] [레마] idiom
[본문] Many people crowded together in large metropolises meaning that disease could spread like wildfire - an idiom meaning spread quickly around many people.
[영영] A particular idiom is a particular style of something such as music, dance, or architecture.
[영한] ⒨ ① 관용구, 숙어 ② (특정 시기/지역에서 특정인들이 쓰는) 언어[어법] ③ (특정 개인/단체/시대/지역의) 표현 양식
[첫뜻] form of speech peculiar to a people or place
[활용] 복수형; idioms
[파생] idiomatic, idiomatical, idiomatically, idiomaticalness, idiom
[어원] idios(Greek), personal, private
industrialise [동사] [Rank; 5001+] [BRIT][AM→industrialize] [레마] industry
[본문] Diseases like TB killed more and more people as cities industrialised and grew bigger and bigger, leading to the creation of the metropolis - the largest, busiest and most important city in a country or region.
[영한] ⒨ 산업[공업]화하다[되다]
[어근] ⑴ indu(in); 안(內), in ⑵ str(struct); 세움 ⑶ ial(al); 형용사 어미 ⑷ ise(ize); 동사 어미
industrialize [동사] [Rank; 5001+] [AM][BRIT→industrialise] [레마] industry
[본문] Diseases like TB killed more and more people as cities industrialised and grew bigger and bigger, leading to the creation of the metropolis - the largest, busiest and most important city in a country or region.
[영영] When a country industrializes or is industrialized, it develops a lot of industries.
[영한] ⒨ 산업[공업]화하다[되다]
[활용] industrialized, industrialized, industrializing, industrializes
[파생] industrial, industrialisation, industrialization, industrialize, industrious, industry
inquiry [명사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 3396] [★★] [AM][BRIT→enquiry] [레마] inquire
[본문] Here she is talking with Kavita Puri, presenter of BBC World Service programme, The inquiry:
[영영] An inquiry is a question which you ask in order to get some information.
[영한] ⒨ ① 연구, 탐구 ② 조사, 취조, 심리 ③ 질문, 문의, 조회
[첫뜻] a judicial examination of facts to determine truth
[활용] 복수형; inquiries
[어근] ⑴ in(en); into ⑵ quir(quest); seek after ⑶ y; 명사 어미
enquiry [명사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 5001+] [BRIT][AM→inquiry]
[본문] Here she is talking with Kavita Puri, presenter of BBC World Service programme, The Inquiry:
[유의어] investigation
livelihood [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [★] [레마] live
[본문] When you shift them out, you're moving them away from their livelihoods and they're not going to be able to sustain themselves there so they will be coming back because their jobs are in the city and they cannot afford the commute from further off places.
[영영] Your livelihood is the job or other source of income that gives you the money to buy the things you need.
[영한] ⒨ 생계 (수단)
[첫뜻] means of keeping alive
[활용] 복수형; livelihoods
[유의어] living
[어근] ⑴ live; 살다 ⑵ li(ly); ly ⑶ hood; 명사 어미
lockdown [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] lockdown
[본문] In lockdown, cities from Rio to Barcelona were transformed as wildlife and birdsong replaced the noise of taxi horns and traffic.
[영영] a security measure in which those inside a building such as a prison, school, or hospital are required to remain confined in it for a time
[영한] ⒨ (움직임/행동에 대한) 제재
[활용] 복수형; lockdowns
[구성단어] lock + down
medicinal [형용사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] medicinal
[본문] Antibiotics - medicinal chemicals like penicillin which can destroy harmful germs, couldn't help because they weren't discovered until decades later.
[영영] Medicinal substances or substances with medicinal effects can be used to treat and cure illnesses.
[영한] ⒨ 약효[치유력]가 있는
[파생] medical, medicinal, medicinally, medicine
[어근] ⑴ medic; 치유하다, 고치다 ⑵ ine; ~물질(명사어미) ⑶ al; 형용사 어미
mega-city [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] mega-city
[본문] I know Mumbai is an international mega-city so I'll say b) 20 million people.
[영한] ⒨ 메가시티(인구 1,000만 명이 넘는 거대 도시)
[구성단어] mega + city
metropolis [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [★] [레마] metropolis
[본문] Many people crowded together in large metropolises meaning that disease could spread like wildfire - an idiom meaning spread quickly around many people.
[영영] A metropolis is the largest, busiest, and most important city in a country or region.
[영한] ⒨ 주요 도시(흔히 한 국가나 행정지역의 수도)
[첫뜻] seat of a metropolitan bishop
[활용] 복수형; metropolises
[어근] ⑴ metro(matr); 어머니 ⑵ polis; 도시
minimise [동사] [Rank; 5001+] [★] [BRIT][AM→minimize] [레마] minimum
[본문] Dr Vaidehi Tandel there, talking on the BBC World Service programme The Inquiry.Trying to make cities less crowded is one way to minimise the risks from disease.
[영영] If you minimize a risk, problem, or unpleasant situation, you reduce it to the lowest possible level, or prevent it increasing beyond that level.
[영한] ⒨ ① (특히 좋지 못한 것을) 최소화하다 ② (덜 중요해 보이도록) 축소하다 ③ (특히 컴퓨터 화면에서) 축소하다
[유의어] play down
[반의어] maximize
[어근] ⑴ minim(minor); 최소 ⑵ ise; 동사 어미
minimize [동사] [Oxford5000] [Rank; 3999] [★★] [AM][BRIT→minimise] [레마] minimize
[본문] Dr Vaidehi Tandel there, talking on the BBC World Service programme The Inquiry.Trying to make cities less crowded is one way to minimise the risks from disease.
[영영] If you minimize a risk, problem, or unpleasant situation, you reduce it to the lowest possible level, or prevent it increasing beyond that level.
[영한] ⒨ ① (특히 좋지 못한 것을) 최소화하다 ② (덜 중요해 보이도록) 축소하다 ③ (특히 컴퓨터 화면에서) 축소하다
[첫뜻] reduce to a minimum, make as little or slight as possible
[파생] minimal, minimize, minimum
[유의어] play down(최소화하다)
[반의어] maximize
[어근] ⑴ minim(minor); make small ⑵ ize; 동사 어미
packed [형용사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] pack
[본문] Closely packed tenements meant the disease spread like wildfire and architects and planning experts responded.
[영영] A place that is packed is very crowded.
[영한] ⒨ ① (특히 사람들이) 꽉 들어찬 ② …이 가득찬 ③ 단단히 다져진 ④ 짐을 다 챙긴
[유의어] crowded
[어근] ⑴ pack; 포장하자, 번들 ⑵ ed; 형용사 어미
pandemic [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] pandemic
[본문] From the bubonic plague to cholera and tuberculosis, disease and pandemics have changed the way cities have been built.
[영영] A pandemic is an occurrence of a disease that affects many people over a very wide area.
[영한] ⒨ 전국[전 세계]적인 유행병
<형용사> ① (전염병이) 전국[세계]적으로 퍼지는 ② (병이) 유행성인 ③ 일반적인(general), 보편적인
[어근] ⑴ pan; 전부, all ⑵ dem(demo); 대중 ⑶ ic; 형용사어미
penicillin [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] penicillin
[본문] Adding to the problem was the fact that antibiotics - medicines like penicillin that can destroy harmful bacteria or stop their growth - was not discovered until 1928 - too late to save the thousands of people who died in Mumbai, New York, Paris and other cities during the 1800s.
[영영] Penicillin is a drug that kills bacteria and is used to treat infections.
[영한] ⒨ 페니실린
[활용] uncountable noun
[어원] Penicillium notatum(Latin)
plague [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [★] [레마] plague
[본문] From the bubonic plague to cholera and tuberculosis, disease and pandemics have changed the way cities have been built.
[영영] Plague or the plague is a very infectious disease which usually results in death. The patient has a severe fever and swellings on his or her body.
[영한] ⒨ ① [U] the plague 상호참조 bubonic plague ② 전염병 ③ (어떤 지역에 나타나 큰 손해를 끼치는 많은 수의 동물곤충) 떼
[첫뜻] affliction, calamity, evil, scourge
[활용] 복수형; plagues
[파생] plaguer, plaguesome, plaguey, plague
[유의어] epidemic, epidemic
<동사> ① (한동안 고통문제로) 괴롭히다 ② (요구부탁 등으로) 성가시게 하다
[어근] plang; to strike, lament
pollution [명사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 2936] [★★] [레마] pollute
[본문] And with no car pollution you could even see the stars at night!
[영영] Pollution is the process of polluting water, air, or land, especially with poisonous chemicals.
[영한] ⒨ ① 오염, 공해 ② 오염 물질 ③ 소음/(인공) 조명 공해
[첫뜻] discharge of semen other than during sex
[활용] uncountable noun
[파생] pollute, polluter, pollution, pollutant
[어근] ⑴ pollut; wash ⑵ ion(ation); 명사어미
post-Covid [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] post-Covid
[본문] In post-Covid Paris, new ideas for a '15 minute city' aim to make all public services available within a fifteen minute walk to help people working from home.
[영한] ⒨ 포스트 코로나
[구성단어] post + Covid
presenter [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] present
[본문] Here she is talking with Kavita Puri, presenter of BBC World Service programme, The Inquiry:
[영영] A radio or television presenter is a person who introduces the items in a particular programme. in AM, usually use host, anchor
[영한] ⒨ ① (라디오/텔레비전 프로 각 부분의) 진행자[사회자] ② (특정 주제에 대한) 발표자 ③ (시상식에서) 시상하는 사람
[첫뜻] one who presents"
[활용] 복수형; presenters
[어근] ⑴ pre; before ⑵ ess(esse); to be ⑶ ent(ant); 형용사어미 ⑷ er; ~하는 사람(명사어미)
redesign [동사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] design
[본문] Some diseases, like cholera, could be prevented by redesigning cities to improve hygiene, like the waste water sewers in 19th century London.
[영영] If a building, vehicle, or system is redesigned, it is rebuilt according to a new design in order to improve it.
[영한] ⒨ 다시 디자인하다
[활용] redesigned redesigned redesigning redesigns
[어근] ⑴ re; 다시, 반대로 ⑵ de; 밑, 밖으로 ⑶ sign; 표시
re-designing [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] design
[본문] Unlike cholera, which was eliminated in London by re-designing the sewage system in the 1850s, TB was airborne.
[영한] ⒨ 재설계
[어근] ⑴ re; 다시, 반대로 ⑵ de; 밑, 밖으로 ⑶ sign; 표시 ⑷ ing; 형용사 어미
sewage [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] sewer
[본문] Unlike cholera, which was eliminated in London by re-designing the sewage system in the 1850s, TB was airborne.
[영영] Sewage is waste matter such as faeces or dirty water from homes and factories, which flows away through sewers.
[영한] ⒨ 하수, 오물
[활용] uncountable noun
<동사> ① …에 하수로 거름하다[주다] ② …에 하수구를 만들다.
[구성단어] sewer + age
sewer [동사] [Rank; 5001+] [★] [레마] sewer
[본문] Some diseases, like cholera, could be prevented by redesigning cities to improve hygiene, like the waste water sewers in 19th century London.
[영한] ⒨ …에 하수도 설비를 하다
[활용] sewered sewered sewering sewers
<명사> 하수관, 수채통
[어원] sewiere(French), sluice from a pond; something that makes water flow
socially [부사] [Oxford5000] [Rank; 4628] [★★] [레마] social
[본문] Around 20 million people live in the Mumbai metropolis, making it very difficult to socially distance.
[영한] ⒨ ① 사회적으로 ② 사교상, 사교적으로 ③ 허물없이, 터놓고
[파생] social, sociality, socially, socialness, society
[어근] ⑴ soci; companion, ally ⑵ al; 형용사어미 ⑶ ly; 부사어미
sunlight [명사] [Rank; 3928] [★★] [레마] light
[본문] For example, buildings in 19th century Paris were designed with large, high-up windows to allow plenty of sunlight.
[영영] Sunlight is the light that comes from the sun during the day.
[영한] ⒨ 햇빛, 햇살, 일광
[활용] uncountable noun
[파생] sunlit, sunlight
[구성단어] sun + light
suppose [동사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 2180] [★★]
[본문] They were supposed to stop the spread of tuberculosis.
[영영] You can use suppose or supposing before mentioning a possible situation or action. You usually then go on to consider the effects that this situation or action might have.
[영한] ⒨ ① (이미 알고 있는 지식에 의거하여 …일 것이라고) 생각하다, 추정[추측]하다 ② (무엇이 사실이라고) 가정[상정]하다, 가령[만약] …이라고 하다 ③ …인 것 같다[듯하다](진술/요청/제안 등을 완곡하게 들리도록 하기 위해 씀)
[활용] supposed, supposed, supposing, supposes
[파생] supposable, supposal, supposer, supposition, suppose
[유의어] imagine
[어근] ⑴ sup(sub); under ⑵ pose(pon); place
sustain [동사] [Oxford5000] [Rank; 3011] [★★] [레마] sustain
[본문] When you shift them out, you're moving them away from their livelihoods and they're not going to be able to sustain themselves there so they will be coming back because their jobs are in the city and they cannot afford the commute from further off places.
[영영] If you sustain something, you continue it or maintain it for a period of time.
[영한] ⒨ ① (필요한 것을 제공하여) 살아가게[존재하게/지탱하게] 하다 ② 계속[지속]시키다 ③ (피해 등을) 입다[당하다] ④ (이론 등을) 뒷받침하다 ⑤ (깨지거나 무너지지 않고 무게를) 견디다[지탱하다]
[활용] sustained, sustained, sustaining, sustains
[파생] sustain, sustainable, sustained, sustainedly, sustaining, sustainingly, sustainment, sustenance, sustentation, sustainability
[유의어] maintain, bear, suffer, uphold
<명사> (전자악기로) 음표의 장음을 충분히 유지하기. sustain/ing/ly 부사sustain/ment 명사
[어근] ⑴ sus(sub); 아래 ⑵ tain(ten); 잡다, hold
taxi [명사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 5001+] [★★] [레마] taxi
[본문] In lockdown, cities from Rio to Barcelona were transformed as wildlife and birdsong replaced the noise of taxi horns and traffic.
[영영] A taxi is a car driven by a person whose job is to take people where they want to go in return for money.
[영한] ⒨ ① 택시 ② (아프리카 일부 지역에서) 소형 노선버스
[첫뜻] automatic meter to record the distance and fare
[활용] 복수형; taxis taxies
<동사> (비행기가) (이륙 직전착륙 직후에) 천천히 달리다[이동하다]
[어근] taxi(tact); 접하다, touch
TB [약어명사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] TB
[본문] Unlike cholera, which was eliminated in London by re-designing the sewage system in the 1850s, TB was airborne.
[영한] ⒨ 결핵(tuberculosis), 폐결핵
[Full] tuberculosis
tenement [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [★] [레마] tenement
[본문] Closely packed tenements meant the disease spread like wildfire and architects and planning experts responded.
[영영] A tenement is a large, old building which is divided into a number of individual flats.
[영한] ⒨ (특히 도시 빈민 지역 내의) 공동[다세대] 주택
[첫뜻] holding of immovable property
[활용] 복수형; tenements
[파생] tenemental, tenementary, tenemented, tenement
[어근] ⑴ tene(ten); 잡다, hold ⑵ ment; 명사 어미
transform [동사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 2205] [★★] [레마] transform
[본문] In lockdown, cities from Rio to Barcelona were transformed as wildlife and birdsong replaced the noise of taxi horns and traffic.
[영영] To transform something into something else means to change or convert it into that thing.
[영한] ⒨ ① 변형시키다 ② (모습/성격을, 특히 더 좋게) 완전히 바꿔 놓다[탈바꿈시키다]
[첫뜻] change the form of
[활용] transformed, transformed, transforming, transforms
[파생] transformable, transformation, transformative, transform
[유의어] convert(변형시키다)
[어근] ⑴ trans; 건너가다, across ⑵ form; 형태
tuberculosis [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] tuberculosis
[본문] From the bubonic plague to cholera and tuberculosis, disease and pandemics have changed the way cities have been built.
[영영] Tuberculosis is a serious infectious disease that affects someone's lungs and other parts of their body. The abbreviation TB is also used.
[영한] ⒨ (약어:TB) 폐결핵, 결핵
[첫뜻] disease characterized by tubercules
[활용] uncountable noun
[어근] ⑴ tubercul(tuber); 혹, 뾰루지 ⑵ osis; 과정, (병적)상태
tuberculous [형용사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] tuberculous
[본문] In the 1800s, tuberculous, or TB, killed thousands because it was an airborne disease - spread in the air, and hard to prevent.
[영영] of or relating to tuberculosis or tubercles; tubercular
[영한] ⒨ 결핵(성)의, (폐)결핵에 걸린
[어근] ⑴ tubercul(tuber); 혹, 뾰루지 ⑵ ous; …이 많은, …성(性)의
useful [형용사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 2043] [★★] [레마] use
[본문] That's all we have time for in this programme, but remember you can find more useful vocabulary, trending topics and help with your language learning here at BBC Learning English.
[영영] If something is useful, you can use it to do something or to help you in some way.
[영한] ⒨ ① 유용한, 도움이 되는, 쓸모 있는 ② 유능한, 훌륭한
[파생] usage, use, useful, usefully, usefulness, useless, usable
[유의어] helpful, handy
[어근] ⑴ use; 사용 ⑵ ful; ~이 가득한(형용사어미)
waste [명사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 2000] [★★] [레마] waste
[본문] Some diseases, like cholera, could be prevented by redesigning cities to improve hygiene, like the waste water sewers in 19th century London.
[영영] Waste is the use of money or other resources on things that do not need it.
[영한] ⒨ ① 낭비[허비](하는 행위) ② 낭비[허비](되는 상황) ③ 쓰레기, 폐기물 ④ 불모지(사람동식물이 거의 살지 않는 넓은 지역)
[첫뜻] desolate regions
[활용] 복수형; wastes
[파생] wastable, wasteful, wastefully, wastefulness, wasteness, waste
<동사> ① (돈시간 등을 필요 이상으로 들여) 낭비하다 ② (가치를 인정받지 못하거나 엉뚱한 곳에) 헛되이 주다[쓰다/하다] ③ (제대로 이용하지 못하고) 낭비[허비]하다 <형용사> ① (땅이) 폐허의[버려진] ② 쓸모가 없어진, 폐물이 된
[어근] waste(vast); empty, desolate
widely [부사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 2194] [★★] [레마] wide
[본문] So in metropolises - the largest and most important cities, where people live crowded close together, diseases spread like wildfire - an idiom meaning spread widely and quickly.
[영한] ⒨ ① 널리, 폭넓게 ② 대단히, 크게
[파생] wide, widely, widen, wideness, widish, width
[어근] ⑴ wide; wide ⑵ ly; 부사 어미
wildfire [명사] [Rank; 5001+] [레마] fire
[본문] Closely packed tenements meant the disease spread like wildfire and architects and planning experts responded.
[영영] A wildfire is a fire that starts, usually by itself, in a wild area such as a forest, and spreads rapidly, causing great damage.
[영한] ⒨ ① (옛날에 적선에 불을 놓기 위하여 사용한) 연소물(Greek fire 따위). ② 도깨비불 ③ (천둥이 울리지 않는) 번갯불 ④ (폐어) 단독(丹毒) ⑤ (폐어, 獸醫) 양의 피부병
[구성단어] wild + fire
wildlife [명사] [Oxford3000] [Rank; 3896] [★★] [레마] wildlife
[본문] In lockdown, cities from Rio to Barcelona were transformed as wildlife and birdsong replaced the noise of taxi horns and traffic.
[영영] You can use wildlife to refer to the animals and other living things that live in the wild.
[영한] ⒨ 야생 동물
[활용] uncountable noun
<형용사> 야생 생물의, 야생 생물이 풍부한
[구성단어] wild + life
workplace [명사] [Oxford5000] [Rank; 4325] [★★] [레마] place
[본문] Many people still want to live near their workplace in the city centre because they can't afford to pay for the commute - the journey between their home and their place of work.
[영영] Your workplace is the place where you work.
[영한] ⒨ workplace) 직장, 업무 현장
[활용] 복수형; workplaces
[구성단어] work + place
새내기할배의 [영어단어공부]자료를 처음 보시는 분은 <다음> 링크를 클릭하셔서 BBC Learning English 6 Minute English [공부법]을 먼저 보시기 바랍니다
https://softca.blog.me/221610250801
