Is artificial intelligence capable of consciousness? We’ll hear from an expert who thinks AI is not as intelligent as we sometimes think, and as usual, we’ll be learning some new vocabulary as well.
인공 지능이 자각할 수 있을까요? 우리는 [인공 지능이 [우리가 때때로 생각하는 것] 만큼 지능적이지는 않다고 생각하는] 전문가로부터 들을 것입니다. 그리고 마찬가지로, 늘 그렇듯이 우리는 몇몇 새로운 어휘를 배우고 있을 것입니다.
이것은 이번 주제의 주요 내용입니다. 영어 단어를 공부할 때 스토리와 함께 공부하면 크게 도움이 됩니다. 다음은 이번 주에 수록된 주요 단어 목록들입니다.
adjective [명사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] adject < ject
[본문] [48]The adjective cognitive describes anything connected with the mental processes of knowing, learning and understanding.
[영영] An adjective is a word such as `big', `dead', or `financial' that describes a person or thing, or gives extra information about them. Adjectives usually come before nouns or after link verbs.
[영한] (문법) 형용사
[첫뜻] word used to qualify, limit, or define a noun or noun-like part of speech
[활용] 복수형; adjectives
[파생] adjectival, adjectively, adjective
<형용사> ① (문법) 형용사의[적인] ② 부수적[종속적]인, [법] (소송) 절차에 관한
[어근] ⑴ ad; to ⑵ ject; 던지다, throw ⑶ ive; 형용사 어미
anthropomorphise [동사] [R; 5001+] [레마] anthropomorph < morph
[본문] [32]In other words, we anthropomorphise computers - we treat them as if they were human.
[영한] ① (신/신령 따위)를 의인화하다, (물건/생물 따위)를 의인화[인격화]하다. ② (신이나 자연이) 의인화[인격화]되다.
[구성단어] anthropomorph + ize
[어원] [Greek] morphe form, beauty, outward appearance
[어근] ⑴ anthropo; 사람, human ⑵ morph; 형태, form, shape ⑶ ise(ize); 동사 어미
artificial [형용사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 4043] [★★] [레마] artifice < face
[본문] [40]artificial intelligence works by finding patterns in massive amounts of data, so it can seem like we're talking with a human, instead of a machine doing data analysis.
[영영] Artificial objects, materials, or processes do not occur naturally and are created by human beings, for example using science or technology.
[영한] ① 인공[인조]의 ② 인위적인 ③ 거짓된, 꾸민
[첫뜻] not natural or spontaneous
[파생] artifice, artificiality, artificialize, artificially, artificialness, artificial
[유의어] fake, false, man-made
<명사> 인공물, 모조물, 조화, [pl.] 인조 비료
[어원] [Latin] facere [face+re] infinitive of facio; to make, to do 만들다, 하다
[어근] ⑴ art; 예술, 기술, art ⑵ fici(fac); 만들다, make, 하다 ⑶ al; 형용사어미
assign [동사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 2636] [★] [레마] assign < sign
[본문] [37]And while we're busy seeing ourselves by assigning human traits to things that are not, we risk being blindsided.
[영영] If you assign a piece of work to someone, you give them the work to do.
[첫뜻] to transfer, convey, bequeath (property); appoint (to someone a task to be done); order, direct (someone to do something); fix, settle, determine; appoint or set (a time); indicate, point out,
[활용] assigned, assigned, assigning, assigns
[파생] assignability, assignable, assignably, assignation, assigner, assignment, assign
[어원] [Latin] assignare ad+signare; to allot, assign, award
[어근] ⑴ as(ad); 향하여, to ⑵ sign; 표시, sign
assumption [명사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 2629] [★] [레마] assume < sume
[본문] [30]The problem with using words in this way is that it reinforces what Professor Bender calls, technical bias - the assumption that the computer is always right.
[영영] If you make an assumption that something is true or will happen, you accept that it is true or will happen, often without any real proof.
[영한] ① 추정, 상정 ② (권력/책임의) 인수[장악]
[첫뜻] the reception, uncorrupted, of the Virgin Mary into Heaven
[활용] 복수형; assumptions
[파생] assumable, assume, assumer, assumption, assumptive, assumptively
[어근] ⑴ as(ad); towards ⑵ sumpt(sume); 취하다, take ⑶ ion; 명사 어미
automatic [형용사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 4084] [★★] [레마] automate < auto(스스로)
[본문] [25]If you talk about 'automatic speech recognition', the term 'recognition' suggests that there's something cognitive going on, where I think a better term would be automatic transcription.
[영영] An automatic machine or device is one which has controls that enable it to perform a task without needing to be constantly operated by a person. Automatic methods and processes involve the use of such machines.
[영한] ① (기계가) 자동의 ② 무의식적인, 반사적인 ③ (어떤 행동상황에 대한 결과가) 자동적으로 따라오는
[첫뜻] self-acting, moving or acting on its own
[파생] automatically, automaticity, automatism, automatist, automatize, automatic
[유의어] instinctive(무의식적이다)
<명사> ① 자동 권총[소총/기관총] ② 오토매틱[자동 변속기] 자동차
[어원] [Greek] automatizein to act of oneself, to act unadvisedly
[어근] ⑴ auto; 혼자, self ⑵ mat; 생각, 활기찬 ⑶ ic; 형용사어미
autumn [명사] [Oxf3] [R; 5001+] [★★] [레마] autumn
[본문] [5]In the autumn of 2021, something strange happened at the Google headquarters in California's Silicon Valley.
[영영] Autumn is the season between summer and winter when the weather becomes cooler and the leaves fall off the trees. in AM, usually use fall
[영한] 가을
[활용] 복수형; autumns
[어원] [Latin] auctumnus [=autumnus]
[어근] ⑴ autu(aug); 커지다, grow ⑵ mn; 명사 어미
bias [명사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 3962] [★★] [레마] bias
[본문] [30]The problem with using words in this way is that it reinforces what Professor Bender calls, technical bias - the assumption that the computer is always right.
[영영] Bias is a tendency to prefer one person or thing to another, and to favour that person or thing.
[영한] ① 편견, 편향 ② 성향 ③ 바이어스
[첫뜻] oblique or diagonal lin
[활용] 복수형; biases
[파생] biased, biassed, bias
[유의어] favour, favor
<동사> 편견[선입견]을 갖게 하다 <형용사> ① 엇갈린, 비스듬한, 경사진 ② (통신) 편의(偏倚)의.
[어원] [French] biais a slant, a slope, an oblique 비스듬함, 경사지, 경사진 것
[어근] bias; 편견, bias
capable [형용사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2414] [★★] [레마] capable < capt(잡다)
[본문] [13]In this programme, we'll be discussing whether artificial intelligence is capable of consciousness.
[영영] If a person or thing is capable of doing something, they have the ability to do it.
[영한] ① (능력/특질상) ~을 할 수 있는 ② 유능한
[첫뜻] sufficiently able, having power or capacity, qualified
[파생] capable, capableness, capably, capability
[유의어] skilled, competent
[반의어] incapable
[어원] [Latin] capere to take, grasp, take hold of; to receive, contain 취하다, 잡다, 제어하다, 받다, 포함하다
[어근] ⑴ cap(capt); 쥐다, take ⑵ able; 할 수 있는(형용사 어미)
cognitive [형용사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 3370] [★★] [레마] cognitive < cogn
[본문] [25]If you talk about 'automatic speech recognition', the term 'recognition' suggests that there's something cognitive going on, where I think a better term would be automatic transcription.
[영영] Cognitive means relating to the mental process involved in knowing, learning, and understanding things.
[영한] 인식[인지]의
[파생] cognitively, cognitive
[어원] [Latin] cognit [past participle stem of cognoscere] known
[어근] ⑴ cognit(cogn); 알다, learn ⑵ ive; 형용사어미
computing [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] compute < pute
[본문] [22]Although Hollywood is full of movies about robots coming to life, Emily Bender, professor of linguistics and computing at the University of Washington, thinks AI isn't that smart.
[영영] e use of computers
[영한] 컴퓨터 사용[조작]
[구성단어] compute + ing
[어근] ⑴ com; 함께, with, together ⑵ put(pute); 생각, 정리, reckon ⑶ ing; 명사 어미
conscious [형용사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 3882] [★★] [레마] conscious < sci(알다)
[본문] [42]Powerful AI can make machines appear conscious, but even tech giants like Google are years away from building computers that can dream or fall in love.
[영영] ① If you are conscious of something, you notice it or realize that it is happening.
② If you are conscious of something, you think about it a lot, especially because you are unhappy about it or because you think it is important.
③ A conscious decision or action is made or done deliberately with you giving your full attention to it.
[영한] ① 의식하는, 자각하는 ② 의식이 있는, 지각/판단 기능이 정상인 ③ (행동/감정 등이) 의식적인, 의도적인 ④ 특별한 관심이 있는
[첫뜻] knowing, privy to
[파생] consciously, consciousness, conscious
[반의어] unconscious
<명사> (정신분석) [the ~] 의식
[어원] [Latin] conscius knowing, aware; knowing with others or in oneself
[어근] ⑴ con(com); 함께, with, together ⑵ sci; 알다, know ⑶ ous; 형용사 어미
consciousness [명사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 3252] [★★] [레마] conscious < sci(알다)
[본문] [13]In this programme, we'll be discussing whether artificial intelligence is capable of consciousness.
[영한] ① 의식 ② (무엇에 대한) 자각, 의식 ③ (한 사람이나 단체의) 생각[의식]
[파생] consciously, consciousness, conscious
[유의어] awareness
[구성단어] conscious + ness
[어원] [Latin] conscius knowing, aware; knowing with others or in oneself
[어근] ⑴ con(com); together ⑵ sci; 알다, know ⑶ ous; ~이 많은(형용사어미) ⑷ ness; 명사 어미
converse [동사] [R; 5001+] [레마] converse < vert(회전하다)
[본문] [38]The more fluent that text is, the more different topics it can converse on, the more chances there are to get taken in.
[영영] If you converse with someone, you talk to them. You can also say that two people converse.
[영한] (~와) 대화[이야기]를 나누다
[첫뜻] to move about, live, dwell; live or behave in a certain way
[활용] conversed, conversed, conversing, converses
[파생] conversant, conversational, converse, conversation
<명사> ① (어떤 사실이나 진술의) 정반대[역] ② 담화, 환담 ③ (영적인) 교제 <형용사> (의견/순서/관계/행동 등이) 거꾸로의, 정반대의
[어원] [Latin] vertere to turn, turn back, be turned; convert, transform, translate; be changed 돌다[회전하다], 뒤로 돌다[역회전하다], 돌려지다[반환되다], 전환하다, 변환하다,, 번역하다, 변경되다
[어근] ⑴ con(com); with, together ⑵ verse; to turn
deceive [동사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] deceive < capt(잡다)
[본문] [41]As a result, we get taken in - we're tricked or deceived into thinking we're dealing with a human, or with something intelligent.
[영영] If you deceive someone, you make them believe something that is not true, usually in order to get some advantage for yourself.
[영한] ① 속이다, 기만하다 ② 자신을 속이다, 스스로를 기만하다 ③ 현혹하다
[첫뜻] mislead by false appearance or statement
[활용] deceived, deceived, deceiving, deceives
[파생] deceit, deceitful, deceivability, deceivable, deceivableness, deceivably, deceive, deceiver, deceivingly, deception, deceptional, deceptive, deceptively
[유의어] mislead, kid, take in, delude
[어원] [Latin] decipere de+capere; to ensnare, take in, beguile, cheat
[어근] ⑴ de; from ⑵ ceive(capt); to take
dialogue [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2818] [★★] [레마] dialogue
[본문] [6]A software engineer called, Blake Lemoine, was working on the artificial intelligence project, 'Language Models for dialogue Applications', or LaMDA for short.
[영영] Dialogue is communication or discussion between people or groups of people such as governments or political parties.
[영한] ① (책/연극/영화에 나오는) 대화 ② (대립 관계에 있는 집단/국가 사이의) 대화 참조 monologue
[첫뜻] literary work consisting of a conversation between two or more persons,
[활용] 복수형; dialogues
[파생] dialogic, dialoguer, dialogue
[유의어] dialog(대화)
[어원] [Latin] dialogus [from Ancient Greek dialogos]
[어근] ⑴ dia; 통하여, through ⑵ logue(log); 말,학문
doll [명사] [Rank; 3858] [★★] [레마] doll
[본문] [35]We anthropomorphise animals all the time, but we also anthropomorphise action figures, or dolls, or companies when we talk about companies having intentions and so on.
[영영] A doll is a child's toy which looks like a small person or baby.
[영한] ① 인형 ② 인형 같은 여자
[첫뜻] Dorothy
[활용] 복수형; dolls
[파생] dollish, dollishly, dollishness, doll
<동사> 예쁘게 차려입다
[어원] [Middle English] Dorothy pet form of the given name Dorothy
[어근] doll; (예쁜 여자)인형, doll
encounter [동사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2736] [★★] [레마] counter
[본문] [31]When we encounter language that sounds natural, but is coming from a computer, humans can't help but imagine a mind behind the language, even when there isn't one.
[영영] If you encounter problems or difficulties, you experience them.
[영한] ① (특히 반갑지 않은 일에) 맞닥뜨리다[부딪히다] ② (새롭거나 뜻밖의 대상과) 접하다[마주치다]
[첫뜻] to meet as an adversary
[활용] encountered, encountered, encountering, encounters
[유의어] run into, meet with, come across, meeting
<명사> ① (특히 예상 밖의/폭력적인) 만남[접촉/조우] ② (특정 팀/선수와의) 시합
[구성단어] en + counter
[어원] [Latin] incontra in+contra; in front of
[어근] ⑴ en; 안에 두다, in, 하게하다 ⑵ counter(contra); 뒤, against
engineer [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2011] [★★] [레마] engine < gener(출산)
[본문] [6]A software engineer called, Blake Lemoine, was working on the artificial intelligence project, 'Language Models for Dialogue Applications', or LaMDA for short.
[영영] An engineer is a person who uses scientific knowledge to design, construct, and maintain engines and machines or structures such as roads, railways, and bridges.
[영한] ① (기계/도로/교량 등을 설계/건축하는) 기사[엔지니어] ② 기술자, 수리공 ③ (특히 선박/항공기의) 기관사 ④ (열차) 기관사 ⑤ (군대의) 공병
[첫뜻] constructor of military engines
<동사> ① 수작을 부리다, (일을) 꾀하다[획책하다] 유의어 contrive ② (설계해서) 제작하다 ③ 유전자를 조작하다 유의어 genetically modify
[어원] [Latin] ingenium [in-+gignere] innate qualities, ability; inborn character; (in Late Latin) a war engine, battering ram; (literally) that which is inborn 타고난 자질, 능력, 타고난 성격
[어근] ⑴ en; in ⑵ gin(gener); give birth, 생기다 ⑶ eer; ~하는 사람
false [형용사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2539] [★★] [레마] false < fail(헛디디다)
[본문] [23]She thinks the words we use to talk about technology, phrases like 'machine learning', give a false impression about what computers can and can't do.
[영영] If something is false, it is incorrect, untrue, or mistaken.
[영한] ① 틀린, 사실이 아닌 ② (자연 그대로가 아닌) 인조의[가짜의] ③ 위조된 ④ (사람들의 행동이) 거짓된, 기만적인 ⑤ 잘못된, 거짓된 ⑥ (문예체) (사람들이) 충실하지 못한
[첫뜻] intentionally untrue, lying
[활용] 비교; false < falser < falsest
[파생] falsehood, falsely, falseness, falsify, falsity, false
[유의어] artificial, plastic(가짜이다), sham
<부사> 거짓으로, 부실하게, 부정하게, 불성실하게
[어원] [Old English] fals [from Old French fals, faus] intentionally untrue, lying (of religion), not of the true faith, not in accord with Christian doctrines
[어근] false(fall); 거짓, false, 속이다
fluent [형용사] [R; 5001+] [★] [레마] fluent < flu
[본문] [38]The more fluent that text is, the more different topics it can converse on, the more chances there are to get taken in.
[영영] Someone who is fluent in a particular language, can speak the language easily and correctly. You can also say that someone speaks fluent French, Chinese, or some other language.
[영한] ① (언어, 특히 외국어 실력이) 유창한[능숙한] ② (언어, 특히 외국어 표현이) 유창한 ③ (행동이) 능수능란한
[첫뜻] flowing freely
[파생] fluency, fluently, fluentness, fluent
<명사> (수학) 변수(變?), 변량(變量).
[어원] [Latin] fluentis ppr. of fluere; fluere의 분사;
[어근] ⑴ flu; 흐르다, flow ⑵ ent(ant); 형용사 어미
giant [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2562] [★★] [레마] giant < giga
[본문] [42]Powerful AI can make machines appear conscious, but even tech giants like Google are years away from building computers that can dream or fall in love.
[영영] Giant is often used to refer to any large, successful business organization or country.
[영한] ① (이야기 속의) 거인 ② 거인 같은[거대한] 사람[동물/식물] ③ 거대 조직[기업] ④ (어떤 분야에서 재능이 아주 뛰어난) 거인
[첫뜻] fabulous man-like creature of enormous size
[활용] 복수형; giants
[파생] giant, giantlike, giant-like, gigantic, gigantically, giganticness
<형용사> 거대한, 위대한
[어원] [Greek] gigas giant 거대한
[어근] ⑴ gi(giga); 거대한, giant ⑵ ant; 명사 어미
google [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] Google
[본문] [5]In the autumn of 2021, something strange happened at the google headquarters in California's Silicon Valley.
[영영] a popular search engine on the internet
[영한] 구글
<동사> 구글로 검색하다
habit [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2327] [★★] [레마] habit < hab(갖다)
[본문] [36]We very much are in the habit of seeing ourselves in the world around us.
[영영] A habit is something that you do often or regularly.
[영한] ① 버릇 ② 습관 ③ (약물/알코올/흡연의) 습관성 중독[습성] ④ (수도사/수녀가 입는) 의복
[첫뜻] characteristic attire of a religious or clerical order
[활용] 복수형; habits
[파생] habitual, habitually, habitualness, habituate, habit
[유의어] custom
<동사> ① 차려입다, 입히다 ② 거주하다
[어원] [Latin] habitus [past participle of habere] condition, demeanor, appearance, dress [habere의 과거분사] 상태, 태도[품행], 외관, 옷[의복]
[어근] hibit(hab); 갖다, 거처하다
headquarters [명사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 2889] [레마] head
[본문] [5]In the autumn of 2021, something strange happened at the Google headquarters in California's Silicon Valley.
[영영] The headquarters of an organization are its main offices.
[영한] (약어:HQ) 본사[본부] (직원들)
[활용] 불가산(不加算) 명사
[구성단어] head + quarters
[어원] [Old English] heafod top of the body; upper end of a slope; chief person, leader, ruler; capital city
impression [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2559] [★★] [레마] impress < press
[본문] [23]She thinks the words we use to talk about technology, phrases like 'machine learning', give a false impression about what computers can and can't do.
[영영] ① the effect or influence that something or someone has on a person's thoughts or feelings
② an idea or belief that is usually not clear or certain
③ an appearance or suggestion of something
[영한] ① (사람/사물로부터 받는) 인상[느낌] ② (경험이나 사람이 주는) 감명[감동] ③ 인물화, (장소/건물의) 상상도 ④ (연예인이 내는 유명인) 흉내 ⑤ (겉모습을 통해 받는, 사실과 다를 수 있는) 느낌 ⑥ (표면을 세게 눌렀을 때 생기는) 자국 ⑦ (같은 책의 출간 회수를 나타내는) 쇄, (1회) 인쇄 부수
[첫뜻] mark produced by pressure
[파생] impress, impresser, impressible, impression, impressive, impressively, impressiveness
[유의어] feelings, imitation
[구성단어] impress + ion
[어원] [Latin] imprimere [in-⑵+premere] press into or upon, stamp
[어근] ⑴ im(in); in, into ⑵ press; 누르다, press ⑶ ion; 명사 어미
inquiry [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 3396] [★★] [레마] inquire < quer
[본문] [24]Here is Professor Bender discussing another misleading phrase, 'speech recognition', with BBC World Service programme, The inquiry:
[영영] An inquiry is a question which you ask in order to get some information.
[영한] ① 연구, 탐구 ② 조사, 취조, 심리 ③ 질문, 문의, 조회
[첫뜻] a judicial examination of facts to determine truth
[활용] 복수형; inquiries
[어근] ⑴ in(en); into ⑵ quir(quer); seek after ⑶ y; 명사 어미
[AM][BRIT→enquiry]
intelligent [형용사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 3745] [★★] [레마] intelligent < leg(모으다, 읽다)
[본문] [8]After months talking with LaMDA on topics ranging from movies to the meaning of life, Blake came to a surprising conclusion: the chatbot was an intelligent person with wishes and rights that should be respected.
[영영] A person or animal that is intelligent has the ability to think, understand, and learn things quickly and well.
[영한] ① 총명한, 똑똑한 반의어 unintelligent ② (동물 등이) 지능이 있는 ③ (컴퓨터) (컴퓨터/프로그램 등이) 지능적인(정보를 저장하여 새로운 상황에 이용할 수 있는)
[파생] intelligence, intelligential, intelligently, intelligent
[유의어] clever
[어원] [Latin] legere ⑴to choose, gather, pick up, selct; ⑵to read; to mean 선택하다, 모으다, 획득하다, 고르다, 읽다, 뜻하다
[어근] ⑴ intel(inter); between ⑵ lig(lect); 모으다, choose ⑶ ent(ant); 형용사 어미
intention [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2540] [★★] [레마] intent < tent
[본문] [35]We anthropomorphise animals all the time, but we also anthropomorphise action figures, or dolls, or companies when we talk about companies having intentions and so on.
[영영] An intention is an idea or plan of what you are going to do.
[영한] 의사, 의도, 목적
[첫뜻] purpose, design, aim or object; will, wish, desire, that which is intended
[활용] 복수형; intentions
[파생] intend, intender, intent, intention, intentional, intentionality, intentionally
[유의어] intent(의도)
[어원] [Latin] intendere in+tendere; stretch out, extend; turn one's attention, strain (in quest of something), be zealous
[어근] ⑴ in; in, at ⑵ tent; 노력하다, 다루다, try ⑶ ion; 명사어미
interact [동사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 4388] [★] [레마] interact < act
[본문] [47]Right, it's time to recap the vocabulary we've learned from this programme about AI, including chatbots - computer programmes designed to interact with humans over the internet.
[영영] When people interact with each other or interact, they communicate as they work or spend time together.
[영한] ① (특히 작업 중에) 소통하다[교류하다] ② 상호 작용을 하다
[첫뜻] act on each other, act reciprocally
[활용] interacted, interacted, interacting, interacts
[파생] interact, interaction
[어근] ⑴ inter; 사이, among ⑵ act(ag); 행위
ism [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] ism
[본문] [34]So 'ism' means system, 'anthro' or 'anthropo' means human, and 'morph' means shape… And so this is a system that puts the shape of a human on something, and in this case the something is a computer.
[영영] an unspecified doctrine, system, or practice
[영한] 주의(主義)
[첫뜻] distinctive doctrine, theory, or practice,
[어원] [English] -ism
[어근] ism; 이념, 주의
linguistics [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] linguist < lingua
[본문] [22]Although Hollywood is full of movies about robots coming to life, Emily Bender, professor of linguistics and computing at the University of Washington, thinks AI isn't that smart.
[영영] the study of language and of the way languages work
[영한] 언어학
[활용] 불가산(不加算) 명사
[구성단어] linguistic + s
[어원] [Latin] lingua [from Old Latin dingua] language, tongue [어원은 Old Latin dingua] 언어, 혀
[어근] ⑴ lingu; 혀, 언어, tongue ⑵ istic; 형용사 어미 ⑶ s; …학(學), …활동
lonely [형용사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 4041] [★★] [레마] lone
[본문] [16]What happened to Blake Lemoine is strangely similar to the 2013 Hollywood movie, Her, starring Joaquin Phoenix as a lonely writer who talks with his computer, voiced by Scarlett Johansson.
[영영] Someone who is lonely is unhappy because they are alone or do not have anyone they can talk to.
[영한] ① 외로운, 쓸쓸한 ② (상황/시기가) 외로운[쓸쓸한] ③ 인적이 드문, 쓸쓸한
[첫뜻] solitary, lone; unfrequented,
[활용] 비교; lonely < lonelier < loneliest
[파생] lonelihood, lonelily, loneliness, lonely
[유의어] isolated
[어원] [Middle English] alone
[어근] ⑴ lone(alone); 혼자, alone ⑵ ly; 형용사어미
massive [형용사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2010] [★★] [레마] mass
[본문] [40]Artificial intelligence works by finding patterns in massive amounts of data, so it can seem like we're talking with a human, instead of a machine doing data analysis.
[영영] Something that is massive is very large in size, quantity, or extent.
[영한] ① (육중하면서) 거대한 ② 엄청나게 큰[심각한]
[첫뜻] forming or consisting of a large mass, having great size and weight or solidity
[파생] massed, massedly, massive, massively, massiveness, massy, mass
[어원] [Greek] maza barley cake, lump, mass, ball 보리 케익, 덩이, 덩어리, 뭉치
[어근] ⑴ mass; 덩어리, mass ⑵ ive; …의 경향, …의 성질
misleading [형용사] [Oxf5] [R; 5001+] [레마] lead
[본문] [24]Here is Professor Bender discussing another misleading phrase, 'speech recognition', with BBC World Service programme, The Inquiry:
[영영] If you describe something as misleading, you mean that it gives you a wrong idea or impression.
[영한] 호도[오도]하는, 오해의 소지가 있는
[파생] misleadingly, misleadingness, misleading
[유의어] deceptive
[구성단어] mislead + ing
[어원] [Old English] lædan cause to go with oneself; march at the head of, go before as a guide, accompany and show the way; carry on; sprout forth, bring forth; pass (one's life) 누군가와 함께 가도록 이끌다, 앞서 행진하다, 인도자로서 앞서 가다, 동행하거나 길을 보여 주다, 수행하다, 앞서 자라다, 앞으로 가져가다, (일생을) 지나가다
[어근] ⑴ mis; 잘못 ⑵ lead; 이끌다, lead ⑶ ing; ~하는 것(의)
presenter [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] present < pres(앞에 있다)
[본문] [33]Here's Professor Bender again, discussing this idea with Charmaine Cozier, presenter of BBC World Service's, the Inquiry.
[영영] A radio or television presenter is a person who introduces the items in a particular programme. in AM, usually use host, anchor
[영한] ① (라디오/텔레비전 프로 각 부분의) 진행자[사회자] ② (특정 주제에 대한) 발표자 ③ (시상식에서) 시상하는 사람
[첫뜻] one who presents"
[활용] 복수형; presenters
[구성단어] present + er
[어원] [Latin] present
[어근] ⑴ present(pres); 앞에 있다, be before ⑵ er; ~하는 사람(명사어미)
recognition [명사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 2463] [★★] [레마] recognise < cogn
[본문] [24]Here is Professor Bender discussing another misleading phrase, 'speech recognition', with BBC World Service programme, The Inquiry:
[영영] Recognition is the act of recognizing someone or identifying something when you see it.
[영한] ① 알아봄, 인식 ② (존재/사실/공식성의) 인정[승인] ③ (공로 등에 대한) 인정, 표창
[첫뜻] knowledge of an event or incident; understanding,
[활용] 불가산(不加算) 명사
[파생] recognisability, recognisable, recognisably, recogniser, recognition, recognitional, recognitive, recognitory, recognizability, recognizable, recognizably, recognizant, recognize, recognizer, recognise
[어원] [Latin] cognoscere [com+gnoscere] to get to know, recognize 알게되다, 인식하다
[어근] ⑴ re; 다시, again, 반대로 ⑵ cognit(cogn); 알다, learn ⑶ ion; 명사 어미
reinforce [동사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 3360] [★★] [레마] enforce < force
[본문] [30]The problem with using words in this way is that it reinforces what Professor Bender calls, technical bias - the assumption that the computer is always right.
[영영] If something reinforces a feeling, situation, or process, it makes it stronger or more intense.
[영한] ① (감정/생각 등을) 강화하다 ② (구조 등을) 보강하다 ③ (군대/구성원/장비 등을) 증강[증원]하다
[활용] reinforced, reinforced, reinforcing, reinforces
[파생] reinforcement, reinforcer, reinforce
[구성단어] re + enforce
[어원] [Latin] infortiare in+fortis;
[어근] ⑴ re; 다시, 반대로, again ⑵ in(en); 안에, in, into ⑶ force(fort); 강함, 기회, chance
robot [명사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 4575] [★★] [레마] robot
[본문] [22]Although Hollywood is full of movies about robots coming to life, Emily Bender, professor of linguistics and computing at the University of Washington, thinks AI isn't that smart.
[영영] A robot is a machine which is programmed to move and perform certain tasks automatically.
[영한] ① 로봇, 자동 기계 장치 ② (특히 공상 과학 소설 속의) 인조인간 ③ (남아프리카공화국 영어) (교통) 신호등
[활용] 복수형; robots
[파생] robot, robotic, robotically, robotism, robotlike, robot-like, robotry, robotics
[유의어] automaton
<형용사> 무인[자동] 조종의.
[어원] [Czech] robotnik forced worker
[어근] robot; 로봇, robot
strangely [부사] [Oxf5] [R; 5001+] [★★] [레마] strange < extra
[본문] [16]What happened to Blake Lemoine is strangely similar to the 2013 Hollywood movie, Her, starring Joaquin Phoenix as a lonely writer who talks with his computer, voiced by Scarlett Johansson.
[영영] You use strangely to emphasize that what you are saying is surprising.
[영한] 이상하게
[파생] strange, strangely, auspex
[유의어] oddly
[구성단어] strange + ly
[어원] [Latin] extraneus [from extra] foreign, external, from without 외국의, 밖의, 외부에서
[어근] ⑴ stra(extra); 멀리, outer ⑵ nge; 형용사 어미 ⑶ ly; 부사 어미
surprising [형용사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2809] [★★] [레마] surprise < prize
[본문] [8]After months talking with LaMDA on topics ranging from movies to the meaning of life, Blake came to a surprising conclusion: the chatbot was an intelligent person with wishes and rights that should be respected.
[영영] Something that is surprising is unexpected or unusual and makes you feel surprised.
[영한] 놀라운, 놀랄
[파생] surprisingly, surprisingness, surprising
[반의어] unsurprising
[구성단어] surprise + ing
[어원] [Latin] prendre to take
[어근] ⑴ sur(super); over ⑵ pris(prehend); 잡다, grasp ⑶ ing; 현재분사 어미
tech [형용사] [R; 5001+] [레마] tech
[본문] [42]Powerful AI can make machines appear conscious, but even tech giants like Google are years away from building computers that can dream or fall in love.
[영한] ① 기술상의, 전문적인. ② 하이테크의.
<명사> ① 전문가, 기술자 ② 과학 기술 ③ (T-) 기술대학
[어원] [Greek] tekhne (art) of tactics, (art of) arrangement; art, skill, craft in work; method, system
[Full] technical
[어근] tech(techno); 기술, skill, 기교
technical [형용사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2081] [★★] [레마] technic < tech(기술)
[본문] [30]The problem with using words in this way is that it reinforces what Professor Bender calls, technical bias - the assumption that the computer is always right.
[영영] Technical means involving the sorts of machines, processes, and materials that are used in industry, transport, and communications.
[영한] ① 과학 기술의, 기술적인 ② (특정한 일/스포츠/예술 등과 관련된) 기술[기법]의 ③ (특정 주제와 관련된) 전문적인 ④ (법률/규칙과 관련된) 구체적인
[파생] technical, technicality, technically, technicalness, technique
[유의어] technic(과학 기술이다)
[어원] [Greek] tekhne (art) of tactics, (art of) arrangement; art, skill, craft in work; method, system
[ABBR] tech
[어근] ⑴ techn(techno); 기술, skill, 기교 ⑵ ical(ic); 형용사 어미
trait [명사] [Oxf5] [Rank; 3773] [★★] [레마] trait < tract(끌다)
[본문] [37]And while we're busy seeing ourselves by assigning human traits to things that are not, we risk being blindsided.
[영영] A trait is a particular characteristic, quality, or tendency that someone or something has.
[영한] ① (성격상의) 특성 ② 일필(一筆), 붓글씨 솜씨 ③ …기미, 기운, 조금 ④ 얼굴 생김새, 이목구비, 인상 ⑤ 형질
[첫뜻] shot, missiles; a stroke in drawing, a short line
[활용] 복수형; traits
[어원] [Latin] tractus [from past participle stem of trahere] a drawing, track, course, a drawing out
[어근] trait(tract); 끌다, draw, pull
transcription [명사] [R; 5001+] [레마] transcript < scribe
[본문] [25]If you talk about 'automatic speech recognition', the term 'recognition' suggests that there's something cognitive going on, where I think a better term would be automatic transcription.
[영한] ① (구술된 내용 등을[의]) 글로 옮김[표기/인쇄(하기)] ② 베낀 것, 사본, 등본, 전사, 복사 ③ 표기 ④ 편곡
[구성단어] transcript + ion
[어근] ⑴ trans; 건너가다, across ⑵ script(scrib); 기록, write ⑶ ion; 명사 어미
trick [동사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 3093] [★★] [레마] trick
[본문] [41]As a result, we get taken in - we're tricked or deceived into thinking we're dealing with a human, or with something intelligent.
[영영] If someone tricks you, they deceive you, often in order to make you do something.
[영한] 속이다, 속임수를 쓰다
[첫뜻] deceive by trickery
[활용] tricked, tricked, tricking, tricks
[파생] tricker, trickily, trickiness, trickish, trickless, tricky, trick
<명사> ① 속임수, (골탕을 먹이기 위한) 장난[농담] ② 혼란스러운 것 ③ (사람들을 즐겁게 하는) 마술 <형용사> ① (속임수를 이용한) 교묘한 ② (몸의 일부가) 말을 잘 안 듣는, 문제가 있는
[어원] [Latin] tricae complications, perplexities, hindrances, toys, tricks, vexations; trifles, nonsense, a tangle of difficulties 복잡함, 당혹감, 방해, 장난감, 속임수, 짜증, 하찮은 것, 허튼 수작, 뒤섞여 있는 어려움
[어근] trick; 속임수, trick
unlikely [형용사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2710] [★★] [레마] like
[본문] [29]Professor Benders says that talking about them in connection with computers is wishful thinking - something which is unlikely to happen.
[영영] If you say that something is unlikely to happen or unlikely to be true, you believe that it will not happen or that it is not true, although you are not completely sure.
[영한] ① …할[일] 것 같지 않은, 있음직하지[있을 것 같지] 않은 ② (일반적인) 예상 밖의 ③ 믿기 힘든
[첫뜻] not likely to occur
[활용] 비교; unlikely < unlikelier < unlikeliest
[파생] unlikelihood, unlikeliness, unlikely
[유의어] implausible
[반의어] likely
<부사> 있을[…할] 것 같지 않게
[어원] [Old English] gelic [from Proto-Germanic *(ga)leika-] like, similar; alike 비슷한, 유사한, ~과 같은
[어근] ⑴ un; 아님(不, 無), not ⑵ like; 비슷한, similar, alike ⑶ ly; 부사/형용사 어미
unpleasantly [부사] [R; 5001+] [레마] please
[본문] [39]If we treat computers as if they could think, we might get blindsided, or unpleasantly surprised.
[영한] 불쾌하게, 심술궂게, 불친절하게.
[파생] unpleasantly, unpleasant
[구성단어] unpleasant + ly
[어원] [Latin] placere to please, give pleasure, be approved
[어근] ⑴ un; 아님(不, 無), not ⑵ pleas; 기쁨, calm ⑶ ant; 형용사 어미 ⑷ ly; 부사 어미
usual [형용사] [Oxf3] [Rank; 2381] [★★] [레마] use
[본문] [14]We'll hear from one expert who thinks AI is not as intelligent as we sometimes think, and as usual, we'll be learning some new vocabulary as well.
[영영] Usual is used to describe what happens or what is done most often in a particular situation.
[영한] ① 하는[있는], 평상시의, 보통의 ② 늘 있는 일, 늘 마시는 것[술]
[파생] usually, usualness, usual
[유의어] normal
<명사> 여느 때의 건강 상태
[어원] [Latin] usare [frequentative form of pps of uti] use (자꾸) 쓰다
[어근] ⑴ use; 사용, use ⑵ al; 형용사 어미
wishful [형용사] [R; 5001+] [레마] wish
[본문] [26]That just describes the input-output relation, and not any theory or wishful thinking about what the computer is doing to be able to achieve that.
[영한] ① 갈망하는, 소원하는 ② 탐내는, 가지고 싶어하는 ③ 희망에 의거한, 희망적인
[구성단어] wish + ful
[어원] [Old English] wyscan to wish, cherish a desire
[어근] ⑴ wish; 원하다[바라다], wish ⑵ ful; 형용사 어미
이 블로그에는 [BBC 6분 영어와 관련하여 매주 다음과 같은 글들이 게시 됩니다
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- 금주의 어휘(금주 대본에 나온 금주의 어휘를 집중적으로 정리한 자료) 이 글의 포스팅 시점에는 아직 작성되지 않았습니다.
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- 금주의 PDF(금주의 PDF 및 기타 다운로드 파일) https://softca.tistory.com/2080
금주의 PDF 파일은 이곳을 클릭하세요.
새내기할배의 [영어단어공부]자료를 처음 보시는 분은 <다음> 링크를 클릭하셔서 BBC Learning English 6 Minute English [공부법]을 먼저 보시기 바랍니다
https://blog.naver.com/softca/221610250801
본 글은 Word Frequency 기준 2000순위 이하를 제외한 단어만을 수록하고 있습니다.
본 자료는 PDF 파일로 다운 받을 수 있습니다.
새내기할배 블로그가 제안하는 영어단어 암기법은 기본적으로 문장을 통해 암기하는 것입니다. 그래서 설명하는 모든 단어마다 본문도 함께 제시됩니다. 그러나 새로 나온다고 해서 모든 단어를 무한정 암기할 수는 없습니다. 그래서 암기해야 해야 할 단어와 이해만 하고 넘어갈 단어를 구분하는 지혜가 필요합니다.
[BBC Leaning English] 6 Minute English - Can AI have a mind of its own?에 수록된 영어단어 수는
- 고유명사를 제외하고 총 389개 입니다.
- 이중 OxFord 3000단어와 일치하는 영어단어는 335개로 86%가 해당됩니다.
- 미국의 WordFrequency 사이트에서 조사한 Top 5,000내 포함하는 영어단어는 338개로 86%가 해당됩니다.
- Naver 사전에서 [★★/매우 중요]로 분류된 영어단어는 325개로 83%가 해당됩니다.
- 세개의 기준에 모두 일치하는 영어단어는 모두 314개로 80%의 싱크로율을 보입니다.
이들 기준에 해당되는 영어단어 중 암기해야 할 단어의 수준을 각자 정하고 그 수준의 영어단어가 나오면 문장과 함께 암기하는 습관을 들이면 영어단어공부에 큰 성과를 거둘 수 있을 것입니다
6 Minute English는 BBC Learning English 사이트에서 매주 출간하는 무료 영어 교육 콘텐츠이며 오디오 파일과 대본(Script) 파일을 제공합니다. 
